Selección de metodologías de acondicionamiento de inóculos para la digestión anaerobia de residuos de alimentos

Autores/as

  • Brayan Alexis Parra-Orobio Universidad del Valle
  • Melkin Nieto-Mendoza Universidad del Valle
  • Diego Rivera-Henao Universidad del Valle
  • Pablo Cesar Manyoma-Velásquez Universidad del Valle
  • Patricia Torres-Lozada Universidad del Valle

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20190510

Palabras clave:

biogás, metano, análisis multicriterio, residuos sólidos, vigilancia tecnológica

Resumen

Los residuos de alimentos (RA) presentan un alto potencial de aprovechamiento mediante procesos biológicos como la digestión anaerobia (DA), especialmente por su alto contenido de materia orgánica biodegradable. Para inocular los reactores, en general se emplean lodos que deben presentar buena sedimentabilidad y actividad metanogénica específica (AME), típico en lodos granulares. Sin embargo, los de mayor disponibilidad y accesibilidad en el contexto latinoamericano, son lodos floculentos de baja sedimentabilidad y AME. Aplicando vigilancia tecnológica desde 1975 hasta 2017, se evidenció escasa literatura enfocada a mejorar la calidad del inóculo mediante acondicionamientos para mejorar sus características y maximizar la producción de metano, en comparación con los estudios publicados sobre el sustrato. Se identificaron diferentes metodologías de acondicionamiento de inóculos, las cuales se agruparon en cinco categorías y mediante la aplicación de técnicas de análisis multicriterio como el proceso de análisis jerárquico (AHP) y con consulta a expertos internacionales y nacionales. Se identificaron las técnicas más utilizadas, siendo las principales, la adición de nutrientes seguida por la digestión anaerobia con un sustrato de fácil degradación. Sin embargo, se recomienda complementar la vigilancia tecnológica, incorporando los resultados publicados en eventos de gran importancia en el campo de la DA como el Seminario-Taller latinoamericano y el Congreso Mundial de Digestión Anaerobia.

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Biografía del autor/a

Brayan Alexis Parra-Orobio, Universidad del Valle

Grupo de Investigación Estudio y Control de la Contaminación Ambiental - ECCA, Facultad de Ingeniería.

Melkin Nieto-Mendoza, Universidad del Valle

Ingeniero Sanitario y Ambiental. Grupo de Investigación Estudio y Control de la Contaminación Ambiental - ECCA, Facultad de Ingeniería.

Diego Rivera-Henao, Universidad del Valle

Ingeniero Sanitario y Ambiental. Grupo de Investigación Estudio y Control de la Contaminación Ambiental - ECCA, Facultad de Ingeniería.

Pablo Cesar Manyoma-Velásquez, Universidad del Valle

Ingeniero Industrial, Magíster y Doctor en Ingeniería. Profesor Asociado. Grupo de Investigación Logística y producción - LOGYPRO, Facultad de Ingeniería.

Patricia Torres-Lozada, Universidad del Valle

Ingeniera Sanitaria, Magíster y Doctora en Hidrálica y Saneamiento. Profesora Titular. Grupo de Investigación Logística y producción - LOGYPRO, Facultad de Ingeniería.

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Publicado

2019-05-08

Cómo citar

Parra-Orobio, B. A., Nieto-Mendoza, M., Rivera-Henao, D., Manyoma-Velásquez, P. C., & Torres-Lozada, P. (2019). Selección de metodologías de acondicionamiento de inóculos para la digestión anaerobia de residuos de alimentos. Revista Facultad De Ingeniería Universidad De Antioquia, (92), 9–18. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20190510