Modelo de optimización para el diseño de redes de asistencia en catástrofe
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20241247Palabras clave:
Investigación de operaciones, modelos de programaci´n lineal entera mixta, Cadena de suministro humanitarioResumen
Se ha creado un modelo para optimizar las operaciones de ayudas humanitarias identificando la mejor ubicación para instalar los refugios. Este modelo, desarrollado mediante modelos de programación lineal entera mixta, tiene en cuenta la disponibilidad de recursos y el coste de las distintas ubicaciones, así como las restricciones que deben cumplirse para garantizar la entrega puntual del recurso. Se propuso una solución que implicaba el uso de un algoritmo de ramificación y corte, con la ayuda del API GeoJSON y Python. Además, se realizó un estudio para evaluar el impacto del modelo analizando el suministro de agua durante un desastre natural en Mocoa, Colombia, en 2017. Los resultados del estudio mostraron que el modelo tuvo un impacto positivo en la reducción de la distancia que debían recorrer los recursos, el aumento de la satisfacción de las necesidades de refugio y la disminución de los costes de implementación.
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