Adsorción de cromo con un adsorbente compuesto de residuos de maíz y bentonita
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20241249Palabras clave:
metales, materia orgánica, Arcilla, EstadísticaResumen
El cromo es un metal pesado que representa un riesgo para la salud humana y la calidad ambiental. Su adsorción de aguas residuales, con tecnologías sencillas y económicas, se ha convertido en una solución clave para mitigar su impacto. En este estudio se exploró la eficacia de un adsorbente compuesto de bentonita y residuos de maíz en la adsorción del cromo. La investigación analizó la cinética y el equilibrio de adsorción, la optimización del proceso y los mecanismos de adsorción. Para la optimización se empleó un diseño de superficie de respuesta considerando: tiempo de adsorción (min), dosis de adsorbente (g/L) y concentración inicial de cromo en solución (mg/L). Los resultados indican que la cinética de adsorción se ajusta al modelo de pseudo-primer orden (R2 = 0.968) y el equilibrio de adsorción se ajusta al modelo de Freundlich (R2 = 0.997). En la optimización, la dosis del adsorbente fue el factor más crítico. Las condiciones óptimas de operación son: 103 minutos, 29.71 g/L de adsorbente y 31.13 mg/L de concentración inicial de cromo. Los resultados sugieren que la adsorción del cromo es un proceso multifacético que implica difusión y una interacción posterior en la superficie y en los bordes de las capas de la bentonita. El análisis químico, junto con los cambios en el espectro FTIR, apuntan a una interacción entre el cromo con el silicio y aluminio de la bentonita.
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