Cementos híbridos a partir de relaves mineros para posibles usos en construcción
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20250673Palabras clave:
Geopolímeros, Cementos Híbridos, Materiales de Construcción, Relaves Mineros, Cementos Activados AlcalinamenteResumen
El Departamento de Antioquia, Colombia, genera el 47 % de los relaves mineros asociados a la extracción nacional de oro. Estos residuos, almacenados en depósitos tipo represa, contienen sustancias tóxicas como metales pesados, representando riesgos ambientales y de salud pública. Por su alto contenido de sílice y alúmina, pueden aprovecharse como materiales cementantes alternativos. Los cementos híbridos, que combinan cemento Portland con materiales activados alcalinamente, presentan menor impacto ambiental y favorecen la economía circular. En este estudio, se evaluó el uso de relaves mineros de Antioquia como precursores para cementos híbridos, empleando carbonato y silicato de sodio como activadores alcalinos y curado a temperatura ambiente. La caracterización química confirmó niveles adecuados de sílice y alúmina para la síntesis de geopolímeros. Se prepararon concretos con dicho cemento híbrido y tres tipos de agregados: arena, relave grueso y polímero reciclado. Tras 28 días de curado, las mayores resistencias a compresión fueron: 568.6 kN ± 6.1 con relave grueso, 550.3 kN ± 7.9 con arena, y 325.3 kN ± 7.5 con polímero reciclado. Los resultados respaldan la viabilidad de emplear estos residuos en aplicaciones constructivas sostenibles.
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