Liberalismo económico e intervención estatal: ¿la mano o la pata invisible?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n21a7950Abstract
• Resumen: Este artículo considera la evolución de una nueva teoría del Estado como parte esencial de la Economía liberal. Se muestra en la primera sección la concepción tradicional del Estado como un dictador benevolente, cuyo objetivo no es más que rectificar los fracasos del mercado. La parte central del artículo considera la nueva visión del Estado ofrecida por la teoría de elección social. Presenta varios elementos de esta teoría, incluyendo discusión de las ideas de Arrow, Downs, Buchanan y Tulloch, Niskansen y Rawls, como indicación de la gama de posibilidades ofrecida en la literatura académica. El mensaje básico es que el Estado es un actor cuyos motivos no son tan puros, como cree la concepción tradicional, y que tenemos que analizarlos seriamente para entender mejor sus acciones. El elemento final del artículo es una presentación de unas de las ideas libertarias, ideas radicalmente en favor de soluciones Librecambistas, en las que se mantiene la noción según la cual debemos anticipar que las acciones del gobierno no van a estar en favor del pueblo.
• Abstract: This paper traces the evolution of a new theory of state within neoclassical economics. The first section deals with the traditional view of the state as a benevolent dictator manipulating the economy with the disinterested objective of rectifying obvious failures of the market. The central part of the paper is devoted to the newer social choice vision of the state. It surveys the basic contributions of Arrow, Downs, Buchanan and Tulloch, Niskanen and Rawls in attempt to provide an entree into the literature. Its basic message is that the state is an involved actor whose motives and procedures must be analyzed in the assessment of its activities. Despite this there is no newly consolidated theory of the state. The final element of the paper for example deals with the radical free market (libertarian) view that such government intervention is likely to prove not to be in the interests of the governed.
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