Racionalidad de los esquemas de superovulación y sincronización en la transferencia de embriones en bovinos: ¿terapéutica basada en la evidencia o ausencia de ética?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.324314Keywords:
animal welfare, embryo donor, ethics in animal research, receptor cow, synchronization protocol, superovulation protocolAbstract
Summary
Since the beginning of the use of bovine embryo transfer (ET) in Colombia, hormonal protocols for superovulation (SOV) of donors and for synchronization of recipients (RS) have been used in accordance with protocols reported elsewhere. Several variations of ET protocols have been reported most of they not based in controlled clinical studies but in the supposed pharmacological mechanisms of action of the used hormones, neither with pharmacokinetic studies nor considering the potential collateral effects on cow's fertility. Such collateral effects could be directly or indirectly related with the uncontrolled use of exogenous hormones, or with the time-related additional open days of donor and recipients, without considering the bioethics for animal experimentation. The huge proliferation of protocols for SOV and RS aims for improving both grade I and II (transferable or freezable embryos) embryo yield per transfer, and pregnancy rates for transferred embryos, without having achieved significant improvements during the last 20 years all around the world. In the present review we critic the use of exogenous hormones in bovine ET with emphasis in the rationality of indiscriminating use of exogenous hormones and embryo yield. Finally, we suggest several arguments on the bioethics of the protocols for SOV and RS in bovine ET.
Downloads
References
..Al.Katanami.YM,.Drost.M,.Monson.RL,.Rutledge.JJ,.Krininger.III.CE,.et al .. Pregnancy.rates.following.timed.embryo.transfer.with.fresh.or.vitrifed.in.vitro.produced.embryos.in.lactating.dairy.cows.under.heat.stress.condition ..Theriogenology.2002;.58:171-182 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(02)00916-0
..Ax.RL,.Armbrust.S,.Tappan.R,.Gilbert.G,.Oyarzo.JN,.et al ..Superovulation.and.embryo.recovery.from.peripubertal.Holstein.heifers ..Anim.Reprod.Sci.2005;.85:71-80 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.04.034
Bader JF, Kojima FN, �ehrman ME, Lindsey BR, Kerley MS,.et al .. Effects.of.prepartum.lipid.supplementation.on.FSH.superstimulation.and.transferable.embryo.recovery.in.multiparous.beef.cows ..Anim.Reprod.Sci.2005;.85:61-70 .. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.04.033
..Barros.CM,.Nogueira.MF ..Embryo.transfer.in.Bos indicus.cattle ..Theriogenology.2001;.56:1483-1496 .. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(01)00648-3
..Baruselli.PS,.De.Oliveira.M ..Últimos.avances.en.superovulación.de.donantes.de.razas.cebuinas ..IV.Seminario.Internacional.de.Reproducción.de.grandes.Animales ..2003 .
..Baruselli.PS,.De.Sá.Filho.MF,.Martins.CM,.Nasser.LF,.Nogueira.M,.et al .. Superovulation.and.embryo.transfer.in.Bos indicus.catlle ..Theriogenology.2006;.65:77-88 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.10.006
..Baruselli.PS,.De.sá.Filho.MF,.Martins.CM,.Reis.EL,.Nasser.LF,.et al .. Nuevos.avances.en.los.tratamientos.de.SOV. en.donadoras.de.embriones.bovinos ..Congreso.internacional.de.reproducción.bovina ..2005;.139-153 ..
..Benyei. B, . Gaspardy. A, . Cseh. S .. Effect. of . the. El . Nino.phenomenon. on . the. ovarian. responsiveness. and. embryo.production.of .donor.cows .. Acta.Vet.Hung.2003;.51:209-218 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1556/avet.51.2003.2.9
..Benyei.B,.Komlosi.I,. Pecsi.A,.Pollott.G,.Marcos.CH,.et al .. The.effect.of.internal.and.external.factors.on.bovine.embryo.transfer.results.in.a. tropical.environment ..Anim.Reprod.Sci.2005;.93:268-279 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2005.07.012
..Benyei.B,.Kulcsar.M,.Gaspardy.A,.Pecsi.A ..Progesterone.profiles and oestrous cycle changes following superovulatory treatment. of . Holstein-Friesian. dairy. cows. in . a. tropical.environment .. Acta.Vet.Hung.2004;.52:489-499 .. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1556/avet.52.2004.4.11
..Bergfelt.DR,.Bo.GA,.Mapletoft.RJ,.Adams.GP ..Superovulatory.response.following.ablation-induced.follicular.wave.emergence.at. random.stages.of.the.oestrous.cycle.in.cattle ..Anim.Reprod.Sci.1997;.49:1-12 .. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4320(97)00064-X
..Bó.GA,.Baruselli.PS,.Chesta.PM,.Martins.CM ..The.timing.of.ovulation.and.insemination.schedules.in.superstimulated.cattle ..Theriogenology.2006;.65:89-101 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.10.008
Bolívar.PA,.MaldonadoEstrada.JGAnálisis.de.costos.de.tres.protocolos.de.transferencia.de.embriones.bovines.utilizados.en.Colombia ..Rev.Colomb.Cienc.Pecu.2008;.21:351-364 .
Brown.JG,.Peterson.DW,.Foote.WDReproductive.response.of.beef.cows.to.exogenous.progestogen,.estrogen.and.gonadotropins.at.various.stages.postpartum ..J. Anim.Sci.1972;.35:362-35369 .. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1972.352362x
..Callesen.H,.Lovendahl.P,. Bak.A,.Greve.T ..Factors.affecting.the.developmental.stage.of.embryos.recovered.on.day.7. from.superovulated.dairy.cattle ..J. Anim.Sci.1995;.73:.1539-1543 .. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/1995.7361539x
Caral Gutiérrez JP, Bernal del Sol AE. La súper ovulación en . el . ganado. bovino .. Capítulo. II .. In:. Iglesias. OC. (editor) ..Transferencia. de . embriones .. Centro. de . investigación. para.el mejoramiento animal (CIMA) Estación internacional de transferencia.de .embriones .. Valle.de .Picadura .. 1988 .. p47-92 .
..Chebel.RC,.Demétrio.DG,.Metzger.J ..Factors.affecting.success.of.embryo.collection.and.transfer.in.large.dairy.herds ..Theriogenology.2008;.69:98-106 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.09.008
Cifuentes-Sepúlveda E. Selección y manejo de donantes y.receptoras ..Curso.de.colecta,.selección,.transferencia.embriones.en.bovinos ..1999.
..Colazo.MG,.Martinez.MF,.Kastelic.JP,.Mapletoft.RJ ..Effects.of.dose.and.route.of.administration.of.cloprostenol.on.luteolysis,.estrus.and.ovulation.in.beef.heifers ..Anim.Reprod.Sci.2002;.72:47-62 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4320(02)00087-8
Collier RJ, Dahl GE, VanBaale MJ. Major advances associated.with.environmental.effects.on.dairy.cattle ..J.Dairy.Sci.2006;.89:1244-1253 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72193-2
..D’Occhio.MJ,.Jillella.D,.Lindsey.BR ..Factors.that.influence follicle recruitment, growth and ovulation during ovarian.superstimulation.in.heifers:.opportunities.to.increase.ovulation.rate.and.embryo.recovery.by.delaying.the.exposure.of.follicles.to.LH ..Theriogenology.1999;.51:9-35 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(98)00228-3
..D’Occhio.MJ,.Sudha.G,.Jillella.D,.Whyte.T,.Maclellan.LJ,.et al .. Close.synchrony.of.ovulation.in.superstimulated.heifers.that.have.a.downregulated.anterior.pituitary.gland.and.are.induced.to.ovulate.with.exogenous.LH ..Theriogenology.1998;.49:637-644 .. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(98)00014-4
..Evans. BR ..The. prospect. for. international. regulatory.interventions.in .embryo.transfer.and.reproductive.technologies.in .the.next.century .. Theriogenology;.1999;.51:71-80 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(98)00232-5
..Galli.C,.Duchi.R,.Crotti.G,.Turini.P,.Ponderato.N,.et al ..Bovine.embryo.technologies ..Theriogenology.2003;.59:599-616 .. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(02)01243-8
..Ginther.OJ,.Wiltbank.MC,.Fricke.PM,.Gibbons.JR,.Kot.K ..Selection.of.the.dominant.follicle.in.cattle ..Biol.Reprod.1996;.55:1187-1194 .26 ..Ginther.OJ ..Selection.of.the.dominant.follicle.in.cattle.and.horses ..Anim.Reprod.Sci.2000;.2:.60-79 .. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod55.6.1187
..Gómez.Torres.CJ ..Transferencia.de.embriones.experiencias.en.Colombia ..Congreso.internacional.de.reproducción.bovina ..Bogotá ..2005;.155-157 .
..Gonzalez. A, . Wang. H, . Carruthers. TD,. Murphy. BD,.Mapletoft.RJ .. Superovulation.in .the.cow.with.pregnant.mare.serum.gonadotrophin:.effects.of .dose.and.anti-pregnant.mare.serum.gonadotrophin.serum .. Can.Vet.J.1994;.35:158-162 ..
..Goulding.D,.Williams.DH,.Roche.JF,.Boland.MP ..Superovulation.in.heifers.using.either.pregnant.mares.serum.gonadoptrophin.or.follicle.stimulating.hormone.during.the.mid.luteal.stage.of.the.estrous.cycle ..Theriogenology.1991;.36:949-958 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(91)90320-D
..Gouveia.Nogueira.MF,.Fragnito.PS,.Trinca.LA,.Barros.CM ..The.effect.of.type.of.vaginal.insert.and.dose.of.pLH on embryo production, following fixed-time AI in a progestin-based.superstimulatory.protocol.in.nelore.cattle ..Theriogenology.2007;.67:655-660 .31 ..Guilbault.LA,.Grasso.F,.Lussier.JG,.Rouillier.P,.Matton.P ..Decreased.superovulatory.responses.in.heifers.superovulated.in.the.presence.of.a. dominant.follicle ..J.Reprod.Fertil.1991;.91:81-89 ..32 ..Hasler.JF .. The.current.status.and.future.of .commercial.embryo.transfer.in .cattle .. Anim.Reprod.Sci.2003;.79:245-264 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.10.001
..Hasler.JF .. The.Holstein.cow.in.embryo.transfer.today.as.compared.to.20.years.ago ..Theriogenology.2006;.65:4-16 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.10.002
Hatler TB, Hayes SH, Laranja da Fonseca LF, Silvia WJ ..Relationship.between.endogenous.progesterone.and.follicular.dynamics.in.lactating.dairy.cows.with.ovarian.follicular.cysts ..Biol.Reprod.2003;.69:218-223 .. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.102.012179
..Kelly.P,.Duffy.P,.Roche.JF,.Boland.MP .. Superovulation.in.cattle:.effect.of.FSH.type.and.method.of.administration.on.follicular.growth,.ovulatory.response.and.endocrine.patterns ..Anim.Reprod.Sci.1997;.46:1-14 .. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4320(96)01589-8
..Kulick.LJ,.Bergfelt.DR,.Kot.K,.Ginther.OJ ..Follicle.selection.in.cattle:.follicle.deviation.and.codominance.within.sequential.waves ..Biol.Reprod.2001;.65:839-846 .. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod65.3.839
..Lammoglia.MA,.Short.RE,.Bellows.SE,.Bellows.RA,.MacNeil.MD,.et al .. Induced.and.synchronized.estrus.in.cattle:.dose.titration.of.estradiol.benzoate.in.peripubertal.heifers.and.postpartum.cows.after.treatment.with.an.intravaginal.progesterone-releasing.insert.and.prostaglandin.F2alpha ..J.Anim.Sci.1998;.76:1662-1670 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/1998.7661662x
..Leroy.JL,.Opsomer.G,.De.Vliegher.S,.Vanholder.T,.Goossens.L,.et al ..Comparison.of.embryo.quality.in.high-yielding.dairy.cows,.in.dairy.heifers.and.in.beef.cows ..Theriogenology.2005;.64:2022-2036 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.05.003
Lindsell CE, Rajkumar K, Manning A�, Emery SK, Mapletoft.RJ,.et al .. Variability.in.FSH:LH.ratios.among.batches.of.commercially.available.gonadotrophins ..Theriogenology.1986;.25:167-167 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(86)90221-9
..Looney.CR,.Nelson.JS,.Schneider.HJ,.Forrest.DW ..Improving.fertility.in.beef.cow.recipients. .Theriogenology.2006;.65:201-209 .. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.09.023
..Lynch. PR,. Macmillan. KL,. Taufa. VK .. Treating. cattle.with. progesterone. as . well. as . a. GnRH. analogue. affects.oestrous. cycle. length. and. fertility .. Anim. Reprod. Sci.1999;.56:189-200 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4320(99)00044-5
.42 ..Martínez.AG,.Brogliatti.GM,.Valcarcel.A,.de.las.Heras.MA ..Pregnancy.rates.after.transfer.of.frozen.bovine.embryos: a field trial. Theriogenology 2002; 58:963-972. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(02)00936-6
..Medan.MS,.Takedom.T,.Aoyagi.Y,.Konishi.M,.Yazawa.S,.et al ..The.effect.of.active.immunization.against.inhibin.on.gonadotropin.secretions.and.follicular.dynamics.during.the.estrous.cycle.in.cows ..J.Reprod.Dev.2006;.52:107-113 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.17064
..Mikkola.M,.Mantysaari.P,.Tammiranta.N,.Peippo.J,.Taponen.J ..Effect.of.dietary.protein.on.embryo.recovery.rate.and.quality.in.superovulated.heifers ..Anim.Reprod.Sci.2005;.87:193-202 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.11.008
Moraes C, Nogueira MF. SOV en ganado cebú de engorde: Protocolo.P-36 ..Congreso.internacional.de.reproducción.bovina ..Bogotá ..2005;.105-109 ..
..Munro.RK,.Moore.NW ..Effects.of.progesterone,.oestradiol.benzoate.and.cloprostenol.on.luteal.function.in.the.heifer ..J.Reprod.Fertil.1985;.73:353-359 .. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.0730353
.. .Nogueira. MF,. Melo. DS,. Carvalho. LM,. Fuck. EJ,. Trinca.LA,.et al .. Do. high. progesterone. concentrations. decrease.pregnancy. rates. in . embryo. recipients. synchronized. with.PGF2alpha. and. eCG?. Theriogenology. 2004;. 61:1283-1290 .. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2003.07.012
..Nowshari.MA,.Ali.SA ..Effect.of.season.and.gonadotropins.on.the.superovulatory.response.in.camel.(Camelus.dromedarius) ..Theriogenology.2005;.64:1526-1535 .. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.03.015
..Rodger.LD,.Stormshak.F .. Gonadotropin-releasing.hormone-induced.alteration.of.bovine.corpus.luteum.function ..Biol.Reprod.1986;.35:149-156 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod35.1.149
..Rodríguez.L,.Giraldo.M,.Ruíz.ZT,.Valencia.L,.Andrade.JC,.et al .. Respuesta.superovulatoria.de.vacas.criollas.colombianas Blanco Orejinegro, BON, al tratamiento con FSH.o. PMSG:.informe.de.tres.casos ..Rev.Col.Cienc.Pec.1998;.11:16-26 ..
..Rodríguez.L,.Giraldo.M,.Vélez.MP,.Maldonado.JG ..Recuperación.y.transferencia.de.embriones.de.vacas.Holstein.de.élite.con.infecciones.uterinas.recurrentes ..Rev.Col.Cienc.Pec.1998;.11:61-71 ..
..Sartorelli.ES,.Carvalho.LM,.Bergfelt.DR,.Ginther.OJ,.Barros.CM ..Morphological.characterization.of.follicle.deviation.in.Nelore.(Bos.indicus).heifers.and.cows ..Theriogenology.2005;.63:2382-2394 .. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.08.017
Sato T, Nakada K, Uchiyama Y, Kimura Y, Fujiwara N, et al .. The.effect.of.pretreatment.with.different.doses.of.GnRH.to.synchronize.follicular.wave.on.superstimulation.of.follicular.growth.in.dairy.cattle ..J. Reprod.Dev.2005;.51:573-578 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.16070
..Savio.JD,.Thatcher.WW,.Morris.GR,.Entwistle.K,.Drost.M,.et al .. Effects.of.induction.of.low.plasma.progesterone.concentrations.with.a. progesterone-releasing.intravaginal.device.on.follicular.turnover.and.fertility.in.cattle ..J. Reprod.Fertil.1993;.98:77-84 .. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.0980077
..Schrick.FN,.Inskeep.EK,.Butcher.RL ..Pregnancy.rates.for.embryos.transferred.from.early.postpartum.beef.cows.into.recipients.with.normal.estrous.cycles ..Biol.Reprod.1993;.49:617-621 .. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod49.3.617
..Smith. GD,. Jackson. LM,. Foster. DL .. Leptin. regulation. of.reproductive. function. and. fertility .. Theriogenology. 2002;.57:73-86 .57 ..Spell.AR,.Beal.WE,.Corah.LR,.Lamb.GC ..Evaluating.recipient.and.embryo.factors.that.affect.pregnancy.rates.of.embryo.transfer.in.beef.cattle ..Theriogenology.2001;.56:287-297 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(01)00563-5
..Stockman.MJ ..Ethics.of.embryo.transfer .. Vet.Rec.1985;.117:536 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.117.20.536
..Stringfellow.DA,.Givens.MD ..Epidemiologic.concerns.relative.to.in.vivo.and.in.vitro.production.of.livestock.embryos ..Anim.Reprod.Sci.2000;.60-61:629-642 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4320(00)00104-4
..Stroud.B,.Hasler.JF .. Dissecting.why.superovulation.and.embryo.transfer.usually.work.on.some.farms.but.not.on.others ..Theriogenology.2006;.65:.65-76 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.10.007
..Todoroki.J, .Noguchi.J, .Kikuchi.K, .Kaneko.H .. Retrospective.analysis of the efficacy of controlled internal drug release in.follicular.cysts.in.an.embryo.donor.beef.herd ..J. Reprod.Dev.2004;.50:369-373 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.50.369
..Vasconcelos.JLM,.Demetrio.DGB,.Santos.RM,.Chiari.JR,.Rodriguez.CA,.et al. Factors.potentially.affecting.fertility.of.lactating.dairy.cow.recipients ..Theriogenology.2006;.65:192-200 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.09.030
..Walsh.JH,.Mantovani.R,.Duby.RT,.Overstrom.EW,.Dobrinsky.JR,.et al .. The.effects.of.once.or.twice.daily.injections of pFSH on superovulatory response in heifers. Theriogenology.1993;.40:.313-321 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(93)90269-B
..Yaakub.H,.O’Callaghan.D,.Boland.MP ..Effect.of.type.and.quantity.of.concentrates.on.superovulation.and.embryo.yield.in.beef.heifers ..Theriogenology.1999;.51:1259-1266 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(99)00070-9
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2016 Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The authors enable RCCP to reprint the material published in it.
The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions, and will allow the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
