Propuesta de un protocolo de prevención de lesiones deportivas en futbolistas profesionales basado en una revisión sistemática de la literatura
Palabras clave:
rehabilitación, entrenamiento, lesiones, medicina deportiva, prevención, futbolResumen
La prevención de lesiones es un pilar de intervención de profesionales como preparadores físicos, licenciados en educación física y fisioterapeutas, en equipos profesionales de fútbol. Con ella se busca reducir la incidencia de lesiones deportivas a través del incremento de componentes neuromusculares y motores implicados en el rendimiento deportivo. Objetivo: formular una propuesta de protocolo de prevención de lesiones por habilidad en jugadores de fútbol profesional, a partir de una revisión sistemática de literatura. Método: la revisión se realizó en bases de datos científicas indexadas, con los términos MeSH: rehabilitation, training, injuries, sports medicine, prevention, soccer. Resultados: se evidenció que la prevención de lesiones implica habilidades específicas como carrera, fuerza, flexibilidad, balance, propiocepción, velocidad, agilidad, salto y po-tencia, que garantizan la reducción de riesgo de lesiones musculares, ligamentosas y articulares. Conclusión: el trabajo conjunto entre preparación física y fisioterapia, da como resultado la creación de protocolos de prevención de lesiones que garantizan el adecuado rendimiento y estado deportivo de futbolistas profesionales, que llevarán a incrementar las posibilidades de la obtención de títulos deportivos a nivel nacional e internacional.
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