The relationship among narcissism, Machiavellianism and happiness of female football players
Palabras clave:
Women's Football, Narcissism, MachiavellianismResumen
Objective: this study aims to examine Turkish female football players’ narcissistic personality traits’ relationships with their Machiavellian personality traits and their happiness levels. Method: the research group of this study consists of 290 female football players (age=21.68±3.37) who are playing in the Super League, 2. League, and 3. League in Turkey. Besides the demographic variables in the study Narcissistic Personality Inventory-13 (NPI-13), Machiavellian Scale and Happiness Scale were used as data collection tools. One-was ANOVA and Pearson Correlation analysis were used to analyze the data collected from the participants. Results: the findings showed that there was a significant difference between the averages of the participants according to the leagues they played and their income. There was a significant, positive and high relationship between Narcissism and Machiavellianism and a significant, positive and moderate relationship between Narcissism and Happiness. Conclusion: it was determined that the Machiavellian personality traits and happiness levels of female athletes increased with the increase in their narcissistic personality traits. In addition, it has been revealed that the Machiavellian personality trait levels of female athletes who play in a higher league and earn more money are higher than the others.
Descargas
Citas
AA (2021). Turkcell, Kadınlar Futbol Ligi'nin isim sponsoru oldu. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/futbol/turkcell-kadinlar-futbol-liginin-isim-sponsoru-oldu/2168562
Ames, N. (2016). 19 of the best Zlatan Ibrahimovic quotes: the world according to Manchester United's new boy. https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/19-best-zlatan-ibrahimovic-quotes-world-according-manchester-uniteds-new-boy
Avon (2017). Kadın Futboluna Avon İmzası! https://kozmetik.avon.com.tr/beauty-service/avon-blog/kadin-futboluna-avon-imzasi/1843746/201713
Barlett, C. P., & Barlett, N. D. (2015). The young and the restless: examining the relationships between age, emerging adulthood variables, and the Dark Triad. Personality and Individual Differences, 86, 20-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.05.024
Bradford, N. (2015). The five most arrogant athletes in professional sports. https://www.theodysseyonline.com/five-most-arrogant-athletes-professional-sports
Brown, R. P., Budzek, K., & Tamborski, M. (2009). On the meaning and measure of narcissism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35(7), 951-964. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167209335461
Christie, R. & Geis, F. L. (Eds.). (1970). Studies in Machiavellianism. New York: Academic Press.
Collins, N. M., Cromartie, F., Butler, S., & Bae, J. (2018). Effects of early sport participation on self-esteem and happiness. The Sport Journal, 20, 1-20. https://thesportjournal.org/article/tag/self-esteem/
Dahling, J. J., Whitaker, B. G., & Levy, P. E. (2009). The development and validation of a new Machiavellianism scale. Journal of Management, 35(2), 219-257. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206308318618
Demirci, İ., & Ekşi, H. (2018). Keep calm and be happy: a mixed method study from character strengths to well-being. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 18(2). https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2018.2.0799
Doğan, U., & Çolak, T. S. (2020). Narsisistik Kişilik Envanteri-13 (NKE-13)’nin Türkçe Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 15(26), 4166-4184. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.635725
Downward, P., & Rasciute, S. (2011). An economic analysis of the subjective health and well-being of physical activity. In P. Rodríguez, S. Késenne & B. R. Humphreys (Eds.), The economics of sport, health and happiness. The promotion of well-being through sporting activities. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9780857930149.00007
Easterlin, R. A., McVey, L. A., Switek, M., Sawangfa, O., & Zweig, J. S. (2010). The happiness–income paradox revisited. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(52), 22463-22468. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1015962107
Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling.
American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11
Frijters, P., & Beatton, T. (2012). The mystery of the U-shaped relationship between happiness and age. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 82(2-3), 525-542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2012.03.008
Furnham, A., Richards, S. C., & Paulhus, D. L. (2013). The Dark Triad of personality: a 10 year review. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 7(3), 199-216. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12018
Gala, P. B., Chauhan, R. S., & Kıng, R. A. (2020). Narcıssısm versus Machıavellıanısm and the role of self control towards socıal desırabılıty. Marketing Management Journal, 30(1). https://bit.ly/3gXLmef
Gentile, B., Miller, J. D., Hoffman, B. J., Reidy, D. E., Zeichner, A., & Campbell, W. K. (2013). A test of two brief measures of grandiose narcissism: The Narcissistic Personality Inventory–13 and the Narcissistic Personality Inventory-16. Psychological Assessment, 25(4), 1120-1136. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033192
González-Hernández, J., Cuevas-Campos, R., Tovar-Gálvez, M. I., & Melguizo-Rodríguez, L. (2020). Why negative or positive, if it makes me win? Dark personality in Spanish competitive athletes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(10), 3504. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103504
Hamzah, D. I., Hanifah, I. A., & Yulianto, A. S. (2021). The effect of love of money and Machiavellian on ethical perceptions on Sharia Banker (Comparative study on Government owned Sharia Banks and Private Sharia Banks operating in Banten Province). International Journal of Management Studies and Social Science Research, 3(6), 166-173. https://www.ijmsssr.org/paper/IJMSSSR00579.pdf
Heißenberger, P., & Haider, U. (2020). Die Dunkle Triade: Narzissmus, Machiavellismus und (milde) Psychopathie im Bildungswesen. R&E-SOURCE, 14.
https://journal.ph-noe.ac.at/index.php/resource/article/view/835
Huang, H., & Humphreys, B. R. (2012). Sports participation and happiness: evidence from US microdata. Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(4), 776-793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2012.02.007
Jones, B. D., Woodman, T., Barlow, M., & Roberts, R. (2017). The darker side of personality: Narcissism predicts moral disengagement and antisocial behavior in sport. The Sport Psychologist, 31(2), 109-116. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2016-0007
Joshanloo, M. (2021). Conceptions of happiness mediate the relationship between the Dark Triad and well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1711. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.643351
Karasar, N. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
Koşan, Y. (2015). Üniversite öğrencilerinin facebook kullanımının narsisizm ve saldırganlık düzeyleri ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü. https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/handle/20.500.12812/703348
Kurniawan, A., & Anjarwati, A. (2020, March). Does love of money, Machiavellian, religiosity, socioeconomic status, and understanding of the accountant’s code of ethics affect the ethical perception of accounting students. In 1st International Conference on Accounting, Management and Entrepreneurship (ICAMER 2019) (Vol.123, pp.33-37). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200305.009
Łojan, A. (2021). Narcissism in the context of depressiveness and happiness. Self-esteem and neuroticism as mediators. Rozprawy Społeczne, 15(1), 20-29. https://doi.org/10.29316/rs/134900
Matošić, D. (2017). The role of narcissism in sport coaching: a self-determination theory perspective (Doctoral dissertation). University of Birmingham, UK. https://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/7580/
Matošić, D., Ntoumanis, N., Boardley, I. D., Stenling, A., & Sedikides, C. (2016). Linking narcissism, motivation, and doping attitudes in sport: a multilevel investigation involving coaches and athletes. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 38(6), 556-566. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2016-0141
Nicholls, A. R., Madigan, D. J., Backhouse, S. H., & Levy, A. R. (2017). Personality traits and performance enhancing drugs: The Dark Triad and doping attitudes among competitive athletes. Personality and Individual Differences, 112, 113-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.02.062
Nicholls, A. R., Madigan, D. J., Duncan, L., Hallward, L., Lazuras, L., Bingham, K., & Fairs, L. R. (2020). Cheater, cheater, pumpkin eater: the dark triad, attitudes towards doping, and cheating behaviour among athletes. European Journal of Sport Science, 20(8), 1124-1130. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1694079
Planetfootball.com (2019). Eight of Cristiano Ronaldo’s most wonderfully arrogant quotes. https://www.planetfootball.com/quick-reads/eight-of-cristiano-ronaldos-most-wonderfully-arrogant-quotes/
Quandt, A. (1998). Machiavellismus. In P. Heinrich & J. S. zur Wiesch (Eds.), Wörterbuch der mikropolitik (pp.160-163). Springer-Verlag.
Ravari, A., Mirzaei, T., Bahremand, R., Raeisi, M., & Kamiab, Z. (2020). The effect of Pilates exercise on the happiness and depression of elderly women: a clinical trial study. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 61(1), 131-139.
https://doi.org/10.23736/s0022-4707.20.10730-8
Roberts, R., Cooke, A., Woodman, T., Hupfeld, H., Barwood, C., & Manley, H. (2019). When the going gets tough, who gets going? An examination of the relationship between narcissism, effort, and performance. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 8(1), 93. https://doi.org/10.1037/spy0000124
Roberts, R., Woodman, T., & Sedikides, C. (2018). Pass me the ball: Narcissism in performance settings. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11(1), 190-213. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2017.1290815
Roberts, R., Woodman, T., Hardy, L., Davis, L., & Wallace, H. M. (2013). Psychological skills do not always help performance: the moderating role of narcissism. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 25(3), 316-325. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2012.731472
Rohmann, E., Neumann, E., Herner, M. J., & Bierhoff, H. W. (2012). Grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. European Psychologist, 17(4), 279–290.
https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000100
Sabouri, S., Gerber, M., Bahmani, D. S., Lemola, S., Clough, P. J., Kalak, N., Mahin Shamsi, M., Holsboer-Trachsler, E. & Brand, S. (2016). Examining Dark Triad traits in relation to mental toughness and physical activity in young adults. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 12, 229. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S97267
Spano, L. (2001). The relationship between exercise and anxiety, obsessive-compulsiveness, and narcissism. Personality and Individual Differences, 30(1), 87-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00012-X
Şahinler, Y., & Ersoy, M. U. A. (2021). Sporcularda insan doğasının kötü yönü karanlık üçlü: narsisizm makyavelizm ve psikopatinin incelenmesi. Sportif Bakis: Spor ve Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(3), 356-373. http://dx.doi.org/10.33468/sbsebd.240
T24 (2022). Kadın futbol takımı olmayan kulüpler, Şampiyonlar Ligi'ne katılamayacak. https://t24.com.tr/haber/kadin-futbol-takimi-olmayan-kulupler-sampiyonlar-ligi-ne-katilamayacak,1021057
TFF Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu (2012). Türkiye'de Kadın Futbolu. https://www.tff.org/default.aspx?pageID=286&ftxtID=15573
TFF Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu (2020). TFF ile McDonald's arasında sponsorluk anlaşması imzalandı. https://www.tff.org/default.aspx?pageID=285&ftxtID=33652
TFF Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu (2021a). 2021-2022 sezonu Kadın Futbol Ligleri Genel Esasları açıklandı. https://www.tff.org/default.aspx?pageID=687&ftxtID=36393
TFF Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu (2021b). TFF Yönetim Kurulu'ndan Kadın Ligleri için yeniden yapılandırma kararı.
https://www.tff.org/default.aspx?pageID=285&ftxtID=36049 Erişim Tarihi: 22.12.2021
TFF Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu (2021c). 2021– 2022 Sezonu Kadin futbol ligleri statüsü https://www.tff.org/Resources/TFF/Documents/STATULER/2021-2022/Kadin-Futbol-Ligleri-Statusu.pdf
Ueno, Y., Shimotsukasa, T., Suyama, S., & Oshio, A. (2017). Correlations between competitive sports’ characteristics and the dark triad. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 17(2), 533-536. http://efsupit.ro/images/stories/2iunie2017/art80.pdf
Ülbeği, I. D. (2016) Makyavelizm ölçeğinin güvenirlik ve geçerlik çalişmasi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25(2), 89-100. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/cusosbil/issue/32037/353071
Vaughan, R. S., & Madigan, D. J. (2021). The winner takes it all: The mediating role of competitive orientations in the Dark Triad and sport task performance relationship. European Journal of Sport Science, 21(8), 1183-1192. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2020.1825822
Wilson, M. S., & Sibley, C. G. (2011). 'Narcissism creep?': Evidence for age-related differences in narcissism in the New Zealand general population. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 40(3). https://www.sakkyndig.com/psykologi/artvit/wilson2011.pdf
Woodman, T., Roberts, R., Hardy, L., Callow, N., & Rogers, C. H. (2011). There is an “I” in TEAM: Narcissism and social loafing. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 82(2), 285-290. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2011.10599756
Wright, A. G., & Edershile, E. A. (2018). Issues resolved and unresolved in pathological narcissism. Current Opinion in Psychology, 21, 74-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.10.001
Yaşar, O. M., & Sunay, H. (2017). Narcissism in sport organizations / Spor örgütlerinde narsisizm. Journal of Human Sciences, 14(2), 1736-1744. https://doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v14i2.4540
Yılmaz Oruç, M. (2021). Süper Lig de sıra kadınların. Akşam. https://www.aksam.com.tr/cumartesi/super-lig-de-sira-kadinlarin/haber-1218986
Zhang, S., Roberts, R., Woodman, T., & Cooke, A. (2020). I am great, but only when I also want to dominate: maladaptive narcissism moderates the relationship between adaptive narcissism and performance under pressure. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 42(4), 323-335. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2019-0204
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Aquellos autores/as que tengan publicaciones con esta revista, aceptan los términos siguientes:
- Los autores/as conservarán sus derechos de autor y garantizarán a la revista el derecho de primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la Licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
- Los autores/as podrán adoptar otros acuerdos de licencia no exclusiva de distribución de la versión de la obra publicada (p. ej.: depositarla en un archivo telemático institucional o publicarla en un volumen monográfico) siempre que se indique la publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y recomienda a los autores/as difundir su obra a través de Internet (p. ej.: en archivos telemáticos institucionales o en su página web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, lo cual puede producir intercambios interesantes y aumentar las citas de la obra publicada. (Véase El efecto del acceso abierto).
Licencia Creative Commons
VIREF Revista de Educación Física se encuentra bajo Licencia Creative Commons: Atribución No Comercial Compartir Igual
