Factores genéticos y epigenéticos del cáncer gástrico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.acbi.v39n106a01Palabras clave:
cáncer gástrico, genes supresores de tumor, genética, metilación, oncogenesResumen
El cáncer gástrico (CG) es la primera causa de muerte por cáncer en Colombia, la tumorogénesis gástrica es un proceso gradual y de larga evolución que incluye cambios genéticos y epigenéticos que activan protooncogenes e inactivan genes supresores de tumor (GST). Los cambios genéticos incluyen pérdida de heterocigocidad (LOH), inestabilidad microsatelital (MSI), translocaciones, aneuploidía, y mutaciones en GST; y amplificaciones o mutaciones en protooncogenes. Por otro lado, la alteración epigenética más frecuente es la metilación de los promotores. En la actualidad, el CG es un problema de salud pública en Colombia por tres factores: las altas tasas de incidencia/mortalidad, los sobrecostos de los tratamientos de la enfermedad en estadios avanzado y la falta de acceso de la población a los servicios de salud. Esta revisión expondrá las alteraciones genéticas y epigenéticas que se encuentran con mayor frecuencia en CG, y su asociación con los diferentes tipos de CG.
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