Evaluación genotóxica de los plaguicidas cipermetrina y diazinón en tilapia roja (Oreochromis sp.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.acbi.329428Palabras clave:
Ensayo Cometa, electroforesis en gel de células individuales, insecticidas, genotoxicidad, plaguicidas, peces, quiebres en el ADN, SCGEResumen
Con el propósito de evaluar la genotoxicidad y el efecto de la exposición continuada a dos plaguicidas en peces, se sometieron juveniles de tilapia roja (Oreochromis sp.) de 6,97 g de peso en promedio, a tres concentraciones de cipermetrina (0,04, 0,40 y 2,0 g/l) y a 16, 160 y 800 g/l de diazinón. Durante 24 días se tomaron 10 muestras de sangre para ser sometidas al ensayo cometa. Como control positivo se utilizó ciclofosfamida (Endoxan) a una concentración de 5 mg/l. En las tres concentraciones de cipermetrina se observó acumulación de daño en el ADN en relación con el tiempo de exposición, aunque no se observó un efecto genotóxico dependiente de las concentraciones subletales probadas. En cambio, el efecto genotóxico del diazinón se incrementó hasta el día 12 y luego se estabilizó. Estos hechos indican que el diazinón posiblemente indujo respuesta adaptativa, por lo tanto el aumento de daño producido por nuevas concentraciones del genotóxico, se equilibraron por el aumento de reparación o desintoxicación dado por la respuesta adaptativa. En contraste, es posible que la cipermetrina no induzca en la tilapia roja respuesta adaptativa. En consecuencia, los nuevos daños producidos por las exposiciones diarias al plaguicida, no alcanzaron a ser reparados o el aumento de cipermetrina no es metabolizado.
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