Political Participation in a Violence Reduction Context. The Case of the Victims of the Armed Conflict in Colombia (2011, 2016 and 2018)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.espo.n65a07Keywords:
Political Behavior, Political Participation, Victims, Violence, Armed Conflict, Post-ConflictAbstract
In different contexts it has been possible to establish that exposure to violence during a civil war influences the political participation of individuals. This investigation questions whether, due to the period of reduction of violence during the peace process in Colombia, there was a relationship between having been affected by the violence derived from the armed conflict and political participation. Based on the Americas Barometer surveys of 2011, 2016 and 2018, an analysis of how the individual impact of violence influences electoral participation (voting in presidential elections) and non‑electoral participation (attendance at town councils and public protest) was conducted. It is possible to point out that, in a period of reduced violence, there is a positive relationship between being affected by violence and non‑electoral participation mechanisms, which is why participation mechanisms that build collective visions and guarantee local claims have greater relevance for people affected by war.
Downloads
References
(1) Aldwin, Carolyn M. & Levenson, Michael R. (2004). Posttraumatic Growth: A Developmental Perspective. Psychological Inquiry, 15 (1), pp. 19-22. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1501_02
(2) Alzate, Mónica; Durán, Mar y Sabucedo, José. (2009). Población civil y transformación constructiva de un conflicto armado interno: aplicación al caso colombiano. Universitas Psychologica, 8 (3), pp. 703-720.
(3) Arjona, Ana. (2014). Wartime Institutions: A Research Agenda. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 58 (8), pp. 1360-1389. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002714547904
(4) Bauer, Michal et al. (2016). Can War Foster Cooperation? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 30 (3), pp. 249-274. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.30.3.249
(5) Bellows, John & Miguel, Edward. (2009). War and local collective action in Sierra Leone. Journal of Public Economics, 93 (11-12), pp. 1144-1157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2009.07.012
(6) Berrío, Julián. (2013). Las mesas de participación de víctimas: ¿Una frustración más o un mecanismo de transformación social? Revista de Derecho Público, 31 (1). http://dx.doi.org/10.15425/redepub.31.2013.06
(7) Blattman, Christopher & Miguel, Edward. (2010). Civil War. Journal of Economic Literature, 48 (1), pp. 3-57. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.48.1.3
(8) Blattman, Christopher. (2009). From Violence to Voting : War and Political Participation in Uganda. American Political Science Review, 103 (2), pp. 231-247. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055409090212
(9) Botero, Felipe. (2018). Competencia desde la derecha. Las elecciones nacionales del 2014 y el sistema de partidos. En: Botero, Felipe; García, Miguel y Wills, Laura (eds.). Polarización y posconflicto: las elecciones nacionales y locales en Colombia, 2014-2017 (pp. 11-28). Bogotá, D. C.: Uniandes. https://doi.org/10.30778/2018.25
(10) Bulla, Patricia; González, Paola y Zapata, Oswaldo. (2017). ¿Dónde, cómo, quiénes y por qué se movilizan los colombianos? Preparémonos para una protesta social amplia y menos violenta. Bogotá, D. C.: FIP.
(11) Caul, Miki & Anderson, Christopher. (2011). Electoral Supply and Voter Turnout. In: Dalton, Russel & Anderson, Christopher (Eds.). Citizens, Context, and Choice. How Context Shapes Citizens’ Electoral Choices (pp. 33-54). Oxford: Oxford University. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199599233.003.0010
(12) Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica (CNMH). (s. f.). Observatorio de Memoria y Conflicto. https://micrositios.centrodememoriahistorica.gov.co/observatorio/
(13) Chatla, Suneel & Shmueli, Galit. (2013). Linear Probability Models (LPM) and Big Data: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. Indian School of Business Research Paper Series. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2353841
(14) Córdova, Abby. (2009). Methodological Note: Measuring Relative Wealth using Household Asset Indicators. Americas Barometer Insights, 6. https://www.vanderbilt.edu/lapop/insights/I0806en_v2.pdf
(15) Dalton, Russel. (2014). Citizen Politics. Public Opinion and Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies. Thounsand Oaks: Sage.
(16) De Luca, Giacomo & Verpoorten, Marijke. (2015). Civil War and Political Participation: Evidence from Uganda. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 64 (1), pp. 113-141. https://doi.org/10.1086/682957
(17) Delgado, Mariana. (2011). Las víctimas como sujetos políticos en el proceso de justicia y paz en Colombia: discursos imperantes y disruptivos en torno a la reconciliación, la verdad, la justicia y la reparación. (Tesis inédita de doctorado). Flacso México, México, D. F.
(18) Edwards, Benjamin; Yilmaz, Serdar & Boex, Jamie. (2015). Decentralization as a Post-Conflict Strategy: Local Government Discretion and Accountability in Sierra Leone. Public Administration and Development, 35, pp. 46-60. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1707
(19) Gáfaro, Margarita; Ibañez, Ana Maria & Justino, Patricia. (2014). Collective Action and Armed Group Presence in Colombia. Documentos CEDE, (2014-28). http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2489128
(20) Gallego, Jorge. (2011). Civil Conflict and Voting Behavior: Evidence from Colombia. SSRN. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1911983
(21) García, Miguel y Cantor, Carlos. (2018). Hechos recurrentes, fenómenos diferentes. Abstención electoral y voto en blanco en las elecciones presidenciales del 2014. En: Botero, Felipe; García, Miguel y Wills, Laura (eds.). Polarización y posconflicto: las elecciones nacionales y locales en Colombia, 2014-2017 (pp. 209-226). Bogotá, D. C.: Uniandes.
(22) Garzón, Juan Carlos y Silva, Ángela. (2019). La fragilidad de la Transición. La paz incompleta y la continuidad de la confrontación armada. Bogotá, D. C.: FIP.
(23) Gilligan, Michael; Pasquale, Benjamin & Samii, Cyrus. (2014). Civil War and Social Cohesion: Lab-in-the-Field Evidence from Nepal. American Journal of Political Science, 58 (3), pp. 604-619. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12067
(24) Gneezy, Ayelet & Fessler, Daniel M. T. (2012). Conflict, Sticks and Carrots: War Increases Prosocial Punishments and Rewards. Proceedings of the Royal Society, 279 (1727), pp. 219-223. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.0805
(25) Grosjean, Pauline. (2014). Conflict and Social and Political Preferences: Evidence from World War II and Civil Conflict in 35 European Countries. Comparative Economic Studies, 56, pp. 424-451. https://doi.org/10.1057/ces.2014.2
(26) Justino, Patricia. (2019). Civilian Action in Conflict Settings: The Case of Colombia. Institute of Development Studies Bulletin, 50 (3), pp. 95-112. https://doi.org/10.19088/1968-2019.132
(27) Kreiman, Guillermo & Masullo, Juan. (2020). Who Shot the Bullets? Exposure to Violence and Attitudes Toward Peace: Evidence from the 2016 Colombian Referendum. Latin American Politics and Society, 62 (4), pp. 24-49. https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2020.14
(28) La Silla Vacía. (2014, junio 16). Las siete grandes conclusiones de la victoria de Santos. https://www.lasillavacia.com/historias/silla-nacional/las-siete-grandes-conclusiones-de-la-victoria-de-santos
(29) Lalinde, Sebastián. (2019). Elogio a la bulla. Protesta y democracia en Colombia. Bogotá, D. C.: Dejusticia.
(30) Observatorio de la Democracia. (2016). Barómetro de las Américas Colombia. Reporte 2016. Bogotá, D. C.: Universidad de los Andes. https://obsdemocracia.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/USAID_-_Compilado_informes_02.pdf
(31) Observatorio de la Democracia. (s. f. a). Encuestas. Datos. Barómetro de las Américas, 2011. https://obsdemocracia.org/encuestas/
(32) Observatorio de la Democracia. (s. f. b). Encuestas. Datos. Barómetro de las Américas, 2016. https://obsdemocracia.org/encuestas/
(33) Observatorio de la Democracia. (s. f. c). Encuestas. Datos. Barómetro de las Américas, 2018. https://obsdemocracia.org/encuestas/
(34) Ramírez, María Clemencia. (2017). Las conversaciones de paz en Colombia y el reconocimiento de los cultivadores de coca como víctimas y sujetos de derechos diferenciados. Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, 42 (3), pp. 350-374. https://doi.org/10.1080/08263663.2017.1379135
(35) Registraduría Nacional del Estado Civil. (2013). Abstencionismo electoral en Colombia: una aproximación a sus causas. Bogotá, D. C.: Registraduría Nacional del Estado Civil.
(36) Sacks, Audrey & Larizza, Marco. (2012). Why Quality Matters. Rebuilding Trustworthy Local Government in Post-Conflict Sierra Leone. Policy Research Working Paper, 6021. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-6021
(37) Salas, Luis Gabriel; Wolff, Jonas y Camelo, Fabián Eduardo. (2018). Dinámicas territoriales de la violencia y del conflicto armado antes y después del acuerdo de paz con las FARC-EP. Documento de Trabajo Capaz, 1. https://www.instituto-capaz.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Capaz-7-baja.pdf
(38) Sánchez, Francisco y Leyva, Oswaldo. (2015). Participación política y el ejercicio del poder. En: Ciencia olítica: perspectiva multidisciplinaria (pp. 67-81). México, D. F.: Tirant lo Blanch.
(39) Silva, Eduardo. (2015). Social Movements, Protest, and Policy. European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, 100 (1), pp. 27-39. https://doi.org/10.18352/erlacs.10122
(40) Tapia, Nadia. (2019). The Category of Victim “From Below”: the Case of the Movement of Victims of State Crimes (MOVICE) in Colombia. Human Rights Review, 20, pp. 289-312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-019-00558-w
(41) Torres, Ana Patricia. (2013). Abstención electoral en Colombia. Desafección política, violencia política y conflicto armado. Cuadernos de Investigación, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. https://politicasysociologia.ucm.es/data/cont/docs/21-2016-12-21-CI12_W_Ana Patricia Torres.pdf
(42) Villa, Juan David. (2013). Consecuencias psicosociales de la participación en escenarios de justicia transicional en un contexto de conflicto, impunidad y no-transición. El Ágora USB, 13 (2), pp. 307-338. https://doi.org/10.21500/16578031.108
(43) Von Einsiedel, Sebastian et al. (2017). Civil War Trends and the Changing Nature of Armed Conflict. United Nations University Centre for Policy Research Occasional Paper 1. https://i.unu.edu/media/cpr.unu.edu/attachment/1558/OC_01-MajorRecentTrendsinViolentConflict.pdf
(44) Voors, Maarten J. et al. (2012). Violent Conflict and Behavior: A Field Experiment in Burundi. American Economic Review, 102 (2), pp. 941-964. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.102.2.941
(45) Wallace, Arturo. (2014, junio 7). Las FARC y las víctimas: un anuncio histórico en época electoral. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2014/06/140607_colombia_farc_anuncio_vicitmas_paz_reeleccion_aw
(46) Weintraub, Michael; Vargas, Juan F & Flores, Thomas E. (2015). Vote Choice and Legacies of Violence: Evidence from the 2014 Colombian Presidential Elections. Research and Politics, 2 (2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2053168015573348
(47) World Bank Group. (2017). The Toll of War: The Economic and Social Consequences of the Conflict in Syria. The World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/27541/The%20Toll%20of%20War.pdf
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Juan Felipe Rojas Pulido
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Estudios Políticos authorizes the copy of articles and texts for academic purposes or the internal use of institutions as long as the proper citation of the source is provided. Total or partial reproduction of the journal with different purposes should have an explicit authorization by the Institute of Politic Studies of the University of Antioquia.
The views and opinions expressed in the articles are those of the authors and do not necessary reflect or bind those of the Institute of Political Studies of the University of Antioquia.