Mecanismos epigenéticos asociados a la patogenia de la enfermedad de lupus eritematoso sistémico: una revisión de tema
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iatreia.330Palabras clave:
Acetilación, Epigenómica, Lupus Eritematoso, Sistémico Metilación, MicroRNAsResumen
Introducción: el lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) es una enfermedad autoinmune prevalente en la población, caracterizada por una respuesta inmune desregulada contra múltiples autoantígenos. La etiología del LES es compleja y multifactorial, y la epigenética ha surgido como un factor relevante asociado al inicio de las manifestaciones.
Objetivo: analizar y describir los mecanismos epigenéticos asociados con la fisiopatología del LES.
Métodos: se realizó una revisión de la literatura buscando la asociación de los mecanismos epigenéticos con la fisiopatología del LES, con énfasis en la identificación de marcadores clave.
Resultados: la regulación a la baja de la metilación del ADN permite la expresión de genes que aumentan la susceptibilidad a la presentación de autoantígenos y a la generación de autoanticuerpos. Asimismo, la modificación de las histonas H3K4me1 y H3Kme2 permite la descondensación de la cromatina y aumenta la transcripción de genes que promueven el crecimiento y la proliferación celular, como CDKN2A, PTPN22, LRP1B, y condensa la cromatina de genes reguladores como RUNX3. Por último, los miR-146a, miR-21 y miR-148a se asocian con cascadas de inflamación anómalas, alteraciones de la vía de los interferones y metilación del ADN.
Conclusión: los mecanismos epigenéticos son determinantes en el inicio de las enfermedades autoinmunes y reflejan la susceptibilidad ambiental que se observa en estas.
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