Consumo de bebidas energéticas en estudiantes universitarios y sus posibles efectos adversos en la salud: una revisión sistemática de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iatreia.322Palabras clave:
Arritmia, Bebida Energética, Cafeína, Efectos Adversos, MuerteResumen
Introducción: el consumo de bebidas energéticas se ha convertido en un tema de preocupación en la salud pública, dado a su relación con desenlaces fatales, asociados con el sistema cardiovascular; tales como arritmias, infartos de miocardio, miocardiopatías y muerte súbita.
Objetivos: establecer, mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura, los posibles efectos adversos del consumo de bebidas energéticas en estudiantes universitarios.
Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura en Scopus, Science Direcct, Nature, Scielo, Redalyc, PubMed and LILACS. La búsqueda arrojó un total de 3142 artículos, de los cuales 65 fueron seleccionados para esta revisión.
Resultados: existe una asociación positiva entre el consumo de bebidas energéticas y el consumo de alcohol, la prevalencia en el consumo de bebidas energéticas entre los estudiantes colombianos de pregrado fue entre el 35 y el 81,7 %. Siendo los estudiantes de los programas de ciencias de la salud e ingeniería los que más consumen estas bebidas. Entre las razones para el alto consumo de bebidas energéticas se encuentran: la carga académica, aumento de la vigilia, rendimiento en la actividad física y consumo de alcohol.
Conclusiones: el consumo excesivo de bebidas energéticas combinado con actividad física o alcohol en estudiantes universitarios aumenta significativamente los riesgos cardiovasculares y otros efectos adversos para la salud.
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