Complicaciones infecciosas después de prostatectomía abierta y resección transuretral de próstata en pacientes con hiperplasia prostática benigna
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iatreia.v31n3a05Palabras clave:
bacteriuria asintomática, complicaciones posoperatorias , factores de riesgo, hiperplasia prostática benigna, infección del sitio operatorio, infección del tracto urinario, prostatectomía abierta, resección transuretral de próstataResumen
La hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB) es la neoplasia más común en hombres y puede requerir tratamiento quirúrgico cuando hay retención urinaria, uropatía obstructiva, hematuria a repetición, cistolitiasis o falta de mejoría de los síntomas con las terapias farmacológicas. Las opciones quirúrgicas más frecuentes son la prostatectomía abierta y la resección transuretral de próstata, entre cuyas complicaciones están las infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU) hasta en 12,9 % de los pacientes. Sin embargo, este porcentaje es variable porque no siempre se especifica la diferencia entre ITU y bacteriuria. Los siguientes son factores de riesgo: bacteriuria preoperatoria, tiempo quirúrgico mayor de 60 minutos y manipulación posoperatoria de la sonda vesical. Es importante que los profesionales de la salud que participan en la atención de pacientes con HPB conozcan e intervengan estas complicaciones infecciosas y sus factores de riesgo.
Descargas
Citas
(1.) Wilt TJ, N’Dow J. Benign prostatic hyperplasia. Part 1--diagnosis. BMJ. 2008 Jan;336(7636):146-9. DOI 10.1136/bmj.39421.685023.AE.
(2.) Roehrborn CG. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Etiology, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, and Natural History. McDougal WS, Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Novick AC, Patin AW, Peters CA, et al, editors. Campbell-Walsh Urology. 10th ed. Ámsterdam: Elsevier; 2012. p. 2570-610.
(3.) Bushman W. Etiology, epidemiology, and natural history of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urol Clin North Am. 2009 Nov;36(4):403-15, v. DOI 10.1016/j.ucl.2009.07.003.
(4.) Knopf HJ, Weib P, Schäfer W, Funke PJ. Nosocomial infections after transurethral prostatectomy. Eur Urol. 1999 Sep;36(3):207-12.
(5.) Colau A, Lucet JC, Rufat P, Botto H, Benoit G, Jardin A. Incidence and risk factors of bacteriuria after transurethral resection of the prostate. Eur Urol. 2001 Mar;39(3):272-6.
(6.) Pearson R, Williams PM. Common questions about the diagnosis and management of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Am Fam Physician. 2014 Dec;90(11):769-74.
(7.) Adam C, Hofstetter A, Deubner J, Zaak D, Weitkunat R, Seitz M, et al. Retropubic transvesical prostatectomy for significant prostatic enlargement must remain a standard part of urology training. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2004;38(6):472-6.
(8.) Verhamme KM, Dieleman JP, Bleumink GS, van der Lei J, Sturkenboom MC, Artibani W, et al. Incidence and prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia in primary care—the Triumph project. Eur Urol. 2002 Oct;42(4):323-8.
(9.) Rhodes T, Girman CJ, Jacobsen SJ, Roberts RO, Guess HA, Lieber MM. Longitudinal prostate growth rates during 5 years in randomly selected community men 40 to 79 years old. J Urol. 1999 Apr;161(4):1174-9.
(10.) Naderi N, Mochtar CA, de la Rosette JJ. Real life practice in the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Curr Opin Urol. 2004 Jan;14(1):41-4.
(11.) Litwin MS, Saigal CS, editors. Benign prostatic hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptoms and bladder stones. In: Urologic Diseases in America. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 2012. p. 46-72.
(12.) Gravas S, Bachmann A, Drake M, Gacci M, Gratzke C, Madersbacher S, et al. Guidelines on the Management of Non-Neurogenic Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS), incl. Benign Prostatic Obstruction (BPO) [Internet]. Netherlands: European Association of Urology; 2015. Available from: https://uroweb.org/wp-content/uploads/EAU-Guidelines-Non-Neurogenic-Male-LUTS-Guidelines-2015-v2.pdf
(13.) American Urological Association [Internet]. Maryland: AUA; 2010. McVary KT, Roehrborn CG, Avins AL, Barry MJ, Bruskewitz RC, Donnell RF, et al. Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). Available from: http://www.auanet.org/guidelines/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-(2010-reviewed-andvalidity-confirmed-2014).
(14.) Jang DG, Yoo C, Oh CY, Kim SJ, Kim SI, Kim CI, et al. Current status of transurethral prostatectomy: a korean multicenter study. Korean J Urol. 2011 Jun;52(6):406-9. DOI 10.4111/kju.2011.52.6.406.
(15.) Rassweiler J, Teber D, Kuntz R, Hofmann R. Complications of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)--incidence, management, and prevention. Eur Urol. 2006 Nov;50(5):969-79; discussion 980.
(16.) Han M, Partin AW. Retropubic and Suprapubic Open Prostatectomy. In: McDougal WS, Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Novick AC, Patin AW, Peters CA, et al, editors. Campbell-Walsh Urology. 10th ed. Ámsterdam: Elsevier; 2012. p. 2696.
(17.) Cornu JN, Ahyai S, Bachmann A, de la Rosette J, Gilling P, Gratzke C, et al. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Functional Outcomes and Complications Following Transurethral Procedures for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Resulting from Benign Prostatic Obstruction: An Update. Eur Urol. 2015 Jun;67(6):1066-96. DOI 10.1016/j.eururo.2014.06.017.
(18.) Olvera-Posada D, Villeda-Sandoval C, Ramírez-Bonilla M, Sotomayor M, Rodriguez-Covarrubias F, Feria-Bernal G, et al. Natural history of pyuria and microhematuria after prostate surgery. Actas Urol Esp. 2013 Nov-Dec;37(10):625-9. DOI 10.1016/j.acuro.2013.02.014.
(19.) Alhasan SU, Aji SA, Mohammed AZ, Malami S. Transurethral resection of the prostate in Northern Nigeria, problems and prospects. BMC Urol. 2008 Dec;8:18. DOI 10.1186/1471-2490-8-18.
(20.) Muslumanoglu AY, Yuruk E, Binbay M, Akman T. Transurethral resection of prostate with plasmakinetic energy: 100 months results of a prospective randomized trial. BJU Int. 2012 Aug;110(4):546-9. DOI 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10770.x.
(21.) Giulianelli R, Albanesi L, Attisani F, Gentile BC, Vincenti G, Pisanti F, et al. Comparative randomized study on the efficaciousness of endoscopic bipolar prostate resection versus monopolar resection technique. 3 year follow-up. Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2013 Jun;85(2):86-91. DOI 10.4081/aiua.2013.2.86.
(22.) Mamoulakis C, Ubbink DT, de la Rosette JJ. Bipolar versus monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur Urol. 2009 Nov;56(5):798-809. DOI 10.1016/j.eururo.2009.06.037.
(23.) Starkman JS, Santucci RA. Comparison of bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate with standard transurethral prostatectomy: shorter stay, earlier catheter removal and fewer complications. BJU Int. 2005 Jan;95(1):69-71. DOI 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2005.05253.x.
(24.) Lin Y, Wu X, Xu A, Ren R, Zhou X, Wen Y, et al. Transurethral enucleation of the prostate versus transvesical open prostatectomy for large benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. World J Urol. 2016 Sep;34(9):1207-19. DOI 10.1007/s00345-015-1735-9.
(25.) Swedish Council on Health Technology Assessment. Benign Prostatic Obstruction: A Systematic Review [Internet]. Stockholm: Swedish Council on Health Technology Assessment (SBU); 2011 Aug. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK298987/
(26.) Horninger W, Unterlechner H, Strasser H, Bartsch G. Transurethral prostatectomy: mortality and morbidity. Prostate. 1996 Mar;28(3):195-200.
(27.) Mamoulakis C, Efthimiou I, Kazoulis S, Christoulakis I, Sofras F. The modified Clavien classification system: a standardized platform for reporting complications in transurethral resection of the prostate. World J Urol. 2011 Apr;29(2):205-10. DOI 10.1007/s00345-010-0566-y.
(28.) Dindo D, Demartines N, Clavien PA. Classification of surgical complications: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336 patients and results of a survey. Ann Surg. 2004 Aug;240(2):205-13. DOI 10.1097/01.sla.0000133083.54934.ae.
(29.) Haley RW, Schaberg DR, Crossley KB, Von Allmen SD, McGowan JE Jr. Extra charges and prolongation of stay attributable to nosocomial infections: a prospective interhospital comparison. Am J Med. 1981 Jan;70(1):51-8.
(30.) Berry A, Barratt A. Prophylactic antibiotic use in transurethral prostatic resection: a meta-analysis. J Urol. 2002 Feb;167(2 Pt 1):571-7.
(31.) Stone ND, Ashraf MS, Calder J, Crnich CJ, Crossley K, Drinka PJ, et al. Surveillance definitions of infections in long-term care facilities: revisiting the McGeer criteria. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2012 Oct;33(10):965-77. DOI 10.1086/667743.
(32.) Díaz-Agero C, Pita-López MJ, Robustillo-Rodela A, Rodríguez-Caravaca G, Martínez-Mondéjar B, Monge-Jodra V. [Incidence of nosocomial infection in open prostate surgery]. Actas Urol Esp. 2011 May;35(5):266-71. DOI 10.1016/j.acuro.2011.01.015.
(33.) Gratzke C, Schlenker B, Seitz M, Karl A, Hermanek P, Lack N, et al. Complications and early postoperative outcome after open prostatectomy in patients with benign prostatic enlargement: results of a prospective multicenter study. J Urol. 2007 Apr;177(4):1419-22.
(34.) Ugwumba FO, Ozoemena OF, Okoh AD, Echetabu KN, Mbadiwe OM. Transvesical prostatectomy in the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia in a developing country. Niger J Clin Pract. 2014 Nov-Dec;17(6):797-801. DOI 10.4103/1119-3077.144402.
(35.) Ahmed Gadam I, Nuhu A, Aliyu S. Ten-year experience with open prostatectomy in maiduguri. ISRN Urol. 2012;2012:406872. DOI 10.5402/2012/406872.
(36.) Suer E, Gokce I, Yaman O, Anafarta K, Göğüş O. Open prostatectomy is still a valid option for large prostates: a high-volume, single-center experience. Urology. 2008 Jul;72(1):90-4. DOI 10.1016/j.urology.2008.03.015.
(37.) Tubaro A, Carter S, Hind A, Vicentini C, Miano L. A prospective study of the safety and efficacy of suprapubic transvesical prostatectomy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol. 2001 Jul;166(1):172-6.
(38.) Vivien A, Lazard T, Rauss A, Laisné MJ, Bonnet F. Infection after transurethral resection of the prostate: variation among centers and correlation with a long-lasting surgical procedure. Association pour la Recherche en Anesthésie-Réanimation. Eur Urol. 1998;33(4):365-9.
(39.) Ibrahim AI, Bilal NE, Shetty SD, Patil KP, Gommaa H. The source of organisms in the post-prostatectomy bacteriuria of patients with pre-operative sterile urine. Br J Urol. 1993 Nov;72(5 Pt 2):770-4.
(40.) Girou E, Rioux C, Brun-Buisson C, Lobel B; Infection Committee of the French Association of Urology. The postoperative bacteriuria score: a new way to predict nosocomial infection after prostate surgery. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2006 Aug;27(8):847-54.
(41.) Mayer EK, Kroeze SG, Chopra S, Bottle A, Patel A. Examining the ‘gold standard’: a comparative critical analysis of three consecutive decades of monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) outcomes. BJU Int. 2012 Dec;110(11):1595-601. DOI 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11119.x.
(42.) Huang X, Shi HB, Wang XH, Zhang XJ, Chen B, Men XW, et al. Bacteriuria after bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate: risk factors and correlation with leukocyturia. Urology. 2011 May;77(5):1183-7. DOI 10.1016/j.urology.2010.08.013.
(43.) Alsaywid BS, Smith GH. Antibiotic prophylaxis for transurethral urological surgeries: Systematic review. Urol Ann. 2013 Apr;5(2):61-74. DOI 10.4103/0974-7796.109993.
(44.) Grabe M. Antibiotic prophylaxis in urological surgery, a European viewpoint. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2011 Dec;38 Suppl:58-63. DOI 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.09.008.
(45.) Pourmand G, Abedi AR, Karami AA, Khashayar P, Mehrsai AR. Urinary infection before and after prostatectomy. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2010 Mar;21(2):290-4.
(46.) Miller J, Ludwig M, Schroeder-Printzen I, Schiefer HG, Weidner W. Transurethral laser therapy and urinary tract infections. Ann Urol (Paris). 1996;30(3):131-8.
(47.) Liedl B. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Curr Opin Urol. 2001 Jan;11(1):75-9.
(48.) Ohkawa M, Shimamura M, Tokunaga S, Nakashima T, Orito M. Bacteremia resulting from prostatic surgery in patients with or without preoperative bacteriuria under perioperative antibiotic use. Chemotherapy. 1993 Mar-Apr;39(2):140-6.
(49.) El Basri A, Petrolekas A, Cariou G, Doublet JD, Hoznek A, Bruyere F. Clinical significance of routine urinary bacterial culture after transurethral surgery: results of a prospective multicenter study. Urology. 2012 Mar;79(3):564-9. DOI 10.1016/j.urology.2011.11.018.
(50.) Chen JS, Chang CH, Yang WH, Kao YH. Acute urinary retention increases the risk of complications after transurethral resection of the prostate: a populationbased study. BJU Int. 2012 Dec;110(11 Pt C):E896-901. DOI 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11471.x.
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2018 Iatreia
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Los artículos publicados en la revista están disponibles para ser utilizados bajo la licencia Creative Commons, específicamente son de Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional.
Los trabajos enviados deben ser inéditos y suministrados exclusivamente a la Revista; se exige al autor que envía sus contribuciones presentar los formatos: presentación de artículo y responsabilidad de autoría completamente diligenciados.