Trastornos depresivos y ansiosos en población con discapacidad intelectual
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iatreia.269Palabras clave:
Ansiedad, Depresión, Discapacidad Intelectual, Psicoterapia, Tratamiento FarmacológicoResumen
La discapacidad intelectual (DI) comprende las limitaciones de las funciones intelectuales y adaptativas que permiten el desarrollo social, familiar y laboral de un individuo; en Latinoamérica se estima que la prevalencia es cuatro veces mayor que en el resto del mundo, con cifras que van del 4% al 16%. En este artículo se hizo una revisión de la literatura acerca de la prevalencia, el comportamiento, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de trastornos de ansiedad y depresión en personas con DI, teniendo en cuenta las consecuencias psicosociales y en salud global que estas acarrean. En esta población es de suma importancia el conocimiento de la diversidad en las manifestaciones de los trastornos mentales, ya que su presentación podría variar con relación a la población general. Por esto, contamos con escalas y entrevistas clínicas que junto con el juicio clínico orientarán el manejo médico. Los tratamientos dirigidos a pacientes con DI y trastornos ansiosos o depresivos no difieren de los recomendados en población general, puesto que el uso de medicamentos estará dirigido a tratar la comorbilidad existente sin impacto en el coeficiente intelectual o la funcionalidad diaria, sin embargo, faltan estudios específicos en este grupo poblacional.
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