Efectos secundarios de la isotretinoína en el tratamiento del acné vulgar: una revisión narrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iatreia.358Palabras clave:
Acné Vulgar, Enfermedades de la Piel, Isotretinoína, RetinoidesResumen
Introducción: la isotretinoína es un poderoso agente retinoide con gran potencial terapéutico para el manejo del acné vulgar; sin embargo, los efectos secundarios limitan su aplicación.
Objetivo: describir los efectos adversos más relevantes de la isotretinoína como parte del manejo del acné vulgar, especialmente aquellos que generan controversia entre investigadores.
Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en inglés y español de artículos publicados entre 2019 y 2025 en las bases de datos ScienceDirect, PubMed, SciELO y Elsevier. Posterior a la eliminación de entradas duplicadas e información irrelevante, se incluyeron 35 artículos para el análisis.
Resultados: la isotretinoína puede ocasionar teratogenicidad, enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, reacciones mucocutáneas, oculares y musculoesqueléticas, alteraciones en la analítica sanguínea y ocasionalmente acné fulminante como efectos secundarios importantes. Las manifestaciones neuropsiquiátricas adversas relacionadas con la isotretinoína no son concluyentes.
Conclusiones: para optimizar el uso terapéutico de la isotretinoína es necesario identificar las condiciones que contribuyen a la aparición de estas reacciones adversas, así como a su gravedad y manejo, con el fin de mejorar la experiencia del paciente durante el tratamiento.
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