Evaluación del rendimiento e impacto de la penetración de los vehículos eléctricos en redes de distribución activas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20240724Palabras clave:
electric vehicle, line loading, EV charging methods, load modeling, load flow calculationResumen
Debido al calentamiento global se han creado estrategias para combatir este problema. Algunas estrategias son: integración de energías renovables, soluciones robóticas agrícolas y la penetración de vehículos eléctricos. La última estrategia, los vehículos eléctricos (VE), genera un cambio de paradigma en el sector del transporte tradicionalmente impulsado por motores de combustión interna. La penetración de VE puede lograr una operación eficiente de las redes eléctricas, sin embargo, la penetración de estas tecnologías en las redes de distribución activas plantea numerosos retos. Es necesario analizar el aumento del consumo de la electricidad, la degradación de las tensiones o la evaluación de la capacidad de integración de VE. En este trabajo se analiza la influencia de la penetración de VE en un sistema de distribución activo de 34-barras a través de cinco estaciones de carga VE y se proponen dos alternativas para mejorar la incorporación de los VE. Específicamente, se analizan los niveles de tensión en los nodos del sistema y se propone una gestión inteligente de los recursos a través de condensadores y derivaciones de transformadores. A partir de los resultados, se evidencia caídas de tensión en algunas barras y un aumento o disminución de la carga en las líneas en función de la penetración del VE. También es evidente que el 9% de los nodos no funcionaban en rangos de tensión aceptables en el peor de los casos.
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