Desarrollo de un nuevo modelo para adoptar blockchain en la administración pública
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20250884Palabras clave:
Blockchain, Marco Tecnología-Organization-Entorno (TOE), Administración pública, Modelado de ecuaciones estructurales por mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-SEM)Resumen
La tecnología Blockchain está ganando atención en sectores como la administración pública, gracias a atributos como descentralización, confiabilidad, predictibilidad, distribución en red, trazabilidad y seguridad. En el sector público, puede mejorar la transparencia y fortalecer la confianza en procesos gubernamentales. Sin embargo, desafíos como la adopción, la interoperabilidad y la falta de estandarización limitan su implementación. Para superarlos, se requieren modelos específicos que faciliten su integración. Este estudio propone un modelo para evaluar la adopción de Blockchain en este ámbito, enfocado en factores que facilitan su incorporación. La investigación emplea el marco Tecnología–Organización–Entorno (TOE), que analiza elementos que influyen en la intención de adoptar y usar tecnología. Se aplicó a organizaciones públicas mediante un estudio con 50 funcionarios de ocho alcaldías municipales en Colombia. El modelo identifica siete factores TOE asociados a la adopción de Blockchain, validados con Modelado de Ecuaciones Estructurales por Mínimos Cuadrados Parciales (PLS-SEM). Cinco fueron más relevantes. Destacan la Percepción de Mejora de la Red (PNE) y la Percepción de Interoperabilidad (PI), que mostraron correlaciones más fuertes con la Percepción de Falta de Conocimiento Tecnológico (PLTK) que la Percepción de Volatilidad Tecnológica (PTV) y la Percepción de Incertidumbre en la Estandarización (PSU). Los hallazgos evidencian la relación entre capacidades tecnológicas, preparación institucional y conocimiento requerido para adoptar Blockchain, aportando información clave para responsables de políticas y profesionales interesados en integrarla eficazmente en sistemas gubernamentales.
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