Una revisión de las técnicas de estimación de la tasa de flujo de aire en edificios con ventilación natural
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https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20210849Palabras clave:
Ingeniería de la construcción, edificios, métodos experimentales, ventilación naturalResumen
Como la ventilación natural implica interacciones locales y globales, la estimación de estas interacciones puede realizarse mediante muchos enfoques. Tales enfoques, mayormente experimentales y numéricos que analíticos, a menudo requieren alta instrumentación, lo que resulta en mayor demanda de financiamiento. El presente trabajo está dedicado a comprender el concepto de ventilación natural y a evaluar las técnicas experimentales existentes ya implementadas por investigadores anteriores en la estimación de la tasa de flujo de aire de ventilación, debido a los efectos del viento y el tiro térmico. También se presenta una breve revisión de las técnicas de modelado. Esto proporcionará una sólida comprensión teórica del proceso de ventilación natural como parte de los elementos principales en el comportamiento térmico de los edificios. Estas bases están destinadas a ayudar a elegir las técnicas más adecuadas para estimar la tasa de flujo de aire de ventilación natural. La técnica más adecuada de beneficio-presupuesto parece ser las pruebas de hermeticidad ya que las expresiones empíricas que relacionan el flujo de aire directamente con la diferencia de presión en el edificio para ambos casos: infiltraciones y aberturas abiertas, pueden ser adquiridas. Además, la ubicación de las fugas se puede identificar sin complicaciones, y esta técnica tiene el potencial de estimar la capacidad de flujo de aire in situ y las características de fricción de las aberturas.
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