La odontología: profesión liberal que se debate entre la distinción y la extinción
Abstract
Introducción: este estudio abordó la profesión odontológica y su práctica, en una época caracterizada por la mercantilización de los servicios de salud, en el ámbito geográfico del área metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá. Métodos: estudio descriptivo valorado desde la categoría: condiciones de vida de los odontólogos desde la teoría sociológica de Bourdieu. Muestra representativa de 461 odontólogos obtenida de las bases de datos de los Generadores de Residuos Hospitalarios y Similares —RH1— a quienes se aplicó una encuesta. Resultados: caracterización de la profesión odontológica como producto de una práctica profesional, que presenta una presunta disposición social hacia la distinción a través de ‘habitus’, procesos de acumulación de capitales social, económico y cultural, clases y disputas sociales. Los resultados se analizaron bajo el supuesto: “la odontología es hoy una profesión liberal que se debate entre la distinción y la extinción”, fenómeno propiciado por las tensiones, disputas y conflictos de un mercado que dispone a los profesionales en una lucha por alcanzar nuevos y mejores espacios sociales, con ciertos estilos de vida y modos de vivir, mediados por la injerencia de políticas neoliberales en Colombia. Conclusiones: la situación de la profesión odontológica en el área metropolitana del Vallé de Aburrá, recreada a partir de las condiciones de vida de los encuestados en el marco de la investigación, permite hacer un llamado sobre la necesidad de repensar los procesos de formación del talento humano en salud, la producción de conocimientos y la dimensión de la prestación de servicios de salud.
ABSTRACT. Introduction: this investigation covered the dental profession and its practice, in a time characterized by the merchandizing? of health services within the geographical scope of the Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá. Methods: this is a descriptive study validated as the category: living conditions of dentists from Bourdieu’s sociological theory. The sample consisted of 461 dentists, obtained from the databases of Hospital Waste Generators and Similar -RH1- (in Spanish: Generadores de Residuos Hospitalarios y Similares); who were surveyed. Results: characterization of the dental profession as a product of a professional practice with an apparent disposition towards social distinction through ‘habitus’, capital processes of social accumulation, economic and cultural insertion in social class and social disputes. The results are analyzed under the assumption: “Today´s dentistry is a profession that is torn between distinction and extinction”, phenomenon fueled by tensions, disputes and conflicts of a market that places the professionals in a struggle to achieve new and better social spaces, with select lifestyles and living conditions mediated by the influence of neoliberal policies in Colombia. Conclusions: the situation of the dental profession in the Metropolitan Area of Valle de Aburra, parting from the living conditions of those dentists surveyed in this study, makes us consider the need for rethinking the educational processes of the human talent in the health areas, the production of knowledge and the dimension of the dental care rendered.
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