Fisiología de la activación del espermatozoide en peces de agua dulce
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.324003Keywords:
balance iónico, choque hiposmótico, movilidad, osmolaridad, potencial demembranaAbstract
Resumen El principal objetivo de esta revisión fue el estudio de los mecanismos que regulan la movilidad espermática en peces de agua dulce, dada su importancia en el desarrollo de biotecnologías para la conservación de sus gametos, los cuales una vez producidos en el testículo, se capacitan en el conducto espermático donde permanecen inmóviles por factores como el balance iónico, la osmolaridad, el pH o algunas proteínas. En el momento de la liberación de los espermatozoides al medio acuoso, estos son activados por un periodo de tiempo muy corto. En teleósteos de agua dulce, el choque hiposmótico induce cambios de potencial de membrana que conducen a la regulación de canales iónicos de K+ y de Ca2+, seguida por un flujo iónico que desencadena la cascada de activación. Muchas investigaciones se han enfocado en el estudio de la osmolaridad, el balance iónico, el pH y factores dependientes de AMPc y Ca2+; asociados con la activación de la movilidad espermática. De esta forma, los mecanismos fisiológicos de la activación han ganado interés para comprender los procesos por los cuales el espermatozoide adquiere la hipermovilidad para alcanzar el oocito y penetrar el micrópilo antes del cierre del mismo.
Summary This review pretended to study the regulation of spermatozoa motility in freshwater fish, improving biotechnology development focused on gametes preservation, which are produced into the testes. Spermatozoa gets capacitation and stays non- motil due to different factors such as ionic balance, osmolality, pH, and some proteins. After release to the freshwater, the teleost spermatozoa get activated during a very short period, due to hiposmotic shock, producing membrane potential changes, allow regulation of K+ and Ca2+ channels, followed by an ionic flow that trigger the activation. During the last years, investigations focused on the osmolality, ionic balance, pH and AMPc and Ca2+dependent factors; associated to spermatozoa motility activation. In this way, understanding spermatozoa hipermotility process to reach and enter the egg´s micropile before closing, has increased interest in the physiological activation mechanisms.
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