Genetic diversity of Piracanjuba populations in fish stocking programs in the Tietê River, Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v32n2a07Keywords:
aquaculture, Brycon orbignyanus, genetic conservation, microsatellites, RAPDAbstract
Background: Piracanjuba (Brycon orbignyanus) is a fish species highly affected by anthropogenic actions such as overfishing, water pollution, and hydroelectric developments. This species is currently considered in danger of extinction. Objective: To analyze the genetic diversity of a natural population (NP) and two captive broodstocks (SA and SB) of B. orbignyanus. Methods: Samples of caudal fins (NP: 24, SA: 30, and SB: 30) were collected. DNA was extracted and amplified for six RAPD primers and four microsatellite loci. Results: Sixty polymorphic fragments and 17 microsatellite alleles were detected. High intrapopulation heterozygosity (NP: 0.692, SA: 0.724, and SB: 0.686) was observed. Thirty-eight fragments and six alleles were shared among NP, SA, and SB. The FIS and Shannon’s Index of diversity revealed a lack of inbreeding within groups. AMOVA analyses and FST indicated very high (NP vs SA and SB) and small (SA vs SB) genetic differentiation, confirmed by genetic distance and identity, number of migrants and a dendrogram, which revealed the formation of two genetic groups. Conclusions: The two marker types showed similar variability. The groups have adequate genetic variability, with high differentiation between NP and SA–SB, and similarity between broodstocks.
Downloads
References
Agostinho AA, Pelicice FM, Gomes LC. Dams and the fish fauna of the Neotropical region: impacts and management related to diversity and fisheries. Braz J Biol 2008; 68:1119-1132.
Antunes RSP, Gomes VN, Prioli SMA, Prioli RA, Julio Jr HF, Prioli LM, Prioli, CS, Agostinho AA, Prioli AJ. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic relationships among species of the genus Brycon (Characiformes: Characidae) from four hydrographic basins in Brazil. Genet Mol Res 2010; 9:674-684.
Ashikaga FY, Orsi ML, Oliveira C, Senhorini JA, Foresti F. The endangered species Brycon orbignyanus: genetic analysis and definition of priority areas for conservation. Env Biol Fish 2015; 98:1-13.
Barroso RM, Hilsdorf AWS, Moreira HLM, Mello AM, Guimarães SEF, Cabello PH, Traub-Cseko YM. Identification and characterization of microsatellites loci in Brycon opalinus(Cuvier, 1819) (Characiforme, Characidae, Bryconiae). Mol Ecol Notes 2003; 3:297-298.
Bassam BJ, Caetano-Anollés G, Gresshoff PM. Fast and sensitive silver staining of DNA in polyacrylamide gels. Anal Biochem 1991; 196:80-83.
Caballero A, Rodríguez-Ramilo ST, Ávila V, Fernández J. Management of genetic diversity of subdivided populations in conservation programmes. Conserv Genet 2010; 11:409-419.
Coimbra MRM, Lima APS, Oliveira KKC, Severi W. Microsatellite assessment of the genetic diversity in indigenous populations of curimba (Prochilodus argenteus) in the São Francisco river (Brazil). Conserv Genet 2017; 18:1-11.
Excoffier L, Laval G, Schneider S. Arlequin ver. 3.0: an integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. Evol Bioinform Online 2005; 1:47-50.
Goudet J. FSTAT: A Program to Estimate and Test Gene Diversities and Fixation Indices (version 2.9.3.2). Department of Ecology and Evolution, Lausanne; 2002. URL: http://www2.unil.ch/popgen/softwares/fstat.htm.
Lima FCT. Subfamily Bryconinae, p. 174-181. In: Reis R.E. Kullander SO and Ferraris CJ. Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS; 2003. 734p.
Lopera-Barrero NM, Povh JA, Ribeiro RP, Gomes PC, Jacometo CB, Lopes TS. Comparison of DNA extraction protocols of fish fin and larvae samples: modified salt (NaCl) extraction. Cienc Investig Agrar 2008; 35:65-74.
Lopera-Barrero NM, Ribeiro RP, Povh JA, Sirol RN, Mangolin CA. Genetic evaluation of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) natural populations and from the broodstocks of a stock enhancement program using microsatellite markers. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec 2010; 62:954-963.
Lopera-Barrero NM, Alvarez CAR, Rodriguez-Rodriguez MP, Povh J, Vargas L, Streit Jr DP, Sirol RN, Ribeiro RP. Diversidade genética e paternidade de progênies de Brycon orbignyanus obtidas por diferentes sistemas reprodutivos. Semin Ciênc Agrár (Online) 2014; 35:541-554.
Lopera-Barrero MN, Povh JA, Sirol RN, Rodriguez-Rodriguez MP, Lima ECS, Poveda-Parra AR, Souza FP, Furlan P, Otonel RAA, Ribeiro RP. Genetic diversity of pacu and piapara broodstocks in restocking programs in the rivers Paraná and Paranapanema (Brazil). Semin Ciênc Agrár (Online) 2016; 37:2365-2374.
Miller MP. TFPGA Version 1.3 - A Windows program for the analysis of allozyme and molecular population genetic data. Flagstaff: Department of Biological Science Northern Arizona University 1997.
Oliveira ABK. O rio Tietê: O processo histórico e sua importância para São Paulo. In: 1º Simpósio Mineiro de Geografia, Alfenas. Anais. Alfenas: UFA 2014:271-285.
Panarari-Antunes RS, Prioli AJ, Prioli SMAP, Galdino AS, Julio Junior HF, Prioli LM. Genetic variability of Brycon orbignyanus (Valenciennes, 1850) (Characiformes: Characidae) in cultivated and natural populations of the upper Paraná River, and implications for the conservation of the species. Braz Arch Biol Technol 2011; 54:839-848.
Pereira AL. Impactos sócio-ambientais da Hidrelétrica do Funil na comunidade de Ponta Negra. Sinap Mult 2014; 3:135-146.
Povh JA, Ribeiro RP, Sirol RN, Streit Jr DP, Moreira HLM, Siewerdt F, Lopera-Barrero NM, Mangolin CA, Vargas L. Microsatellite analysis of the parental contribution of Piaractus mesopotamicus to the production of offspring in the semi-natural system of reproduction. Braz arch biol technol 2010; 53:389-396.
Reynalte-Tataje DA, Lopes CA, Ávila-Simas S, Garcia JRE and Zaniboni-Filho E. Artificial reproduction of neotropical fish: Extrusion or natural spawning? Nat Sci 2013; 5:1-6.
Ribeiro RP, Lopera-Barrero NM, Povh JA, Rodríguez-Rodríguez MP, Fornari DC, Baumgartner G, Baumgartner D, Souza FP, Castro PL, Poveda-Parra AR. Genetic diversity of Salminus brasiliensis wild populations in downstream and upstream Cachoeira Branca, Verde River MS Brazil: A preliminary view. Semin Ciênc Agrár (Online) 2016; 37:507-516.
Rousset F. Genepop 2007: a complete re-implementation of the Genepop software for Windows and Linux. Mol Ecol Res 2008; 8:103-106.
Satake A, Araki H. Stocking of captive-bred fish can cause long-term population decline and gene pool replacement: predictions from a population dynamics model incorporating density-dependent mortality. Theor Ecol 2012; 5:283-296.
Souza FP, Castro PL, Goes ESR, Ribeiro RP, Santos SCA, Lima ECS, Murari PJF, Lopera-Barrero NM. Genetic variability of Prochilodus lineatus in artificial and semi-natural reproduction. Ital J Anim Sci 2018; 17:321-325.
Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S. Mega 5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Using Maximum Likelihood, Evolutionary Distance, and Maximum Parsimony Methods. Mol Biol Evol 2011; 28:2731-2739.
Wright S. Evolution and genetics of population. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1978.
Yeh FC, Boyle TYZ, Xiyan JM. PopGene Version 131: Microsoft Window-based freeware for population genetic analysis. Alberta: University of Alberta and Center for International Forestry Research 1999.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The authors enable RCCP to reprint the material published in it.
The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions, and will allow the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
