Murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru) meal as an additive to elephant grass silage
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v33n4a06Keywords:
additives, Astrocaryum murumuru, by-product, conservation, elephant grass, effluents, fermentation, forage, fodder, murumuru meal, Pennisetum purpureum, silage, silo, stabilityAbstract
Background: Tropical grasses, such as elephant grass, have high moisture content during its ideal phenological state for silage. High moisture content hinders proper preservation and reduces the nutritive value of silage due to secondary fermentation and production of effluents. Adding feed materials with high dry matter content, such as murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru) meal, is a potential alternative to improve silage yield. Objective: To determine the effects of including murumuru meal (0, 7, 14, 21, and 28%) on the fermentative characteristics, microbiological activity, aerobic stability, and chemical composition of elephant grass silages. Methods: A completely randomized design with five treatments and five replicates was used. Elephant grass was collected at 60 d of age, minced, and homogenized with murumuru meal. The mass was placed in experimental 15-L silos. The silos were collected and analyzed 45 d later. Results: Effluent production decreased (p<0.05) as the proportions of murumuru meal in silage increased. A quadratic effect (p<0.05) was observed on dry matter recovery. An increase (p<0.05) was observed in dry matter content, a decrease (p<0.05) in the neutral detergent fiber content, and an increase (p<0.05) in the non-fibrous carbohydrate content with the inclusion of murumuru meal. Conclusions: Addition of murumuru meal improves chemical composition and does not affect the fermentative characteristics of elephant grass silage, while it reduces effluent losses. Nevertheless, the inclusion of murumuru meal in the elephant grass silage decreased the time of aerobic stability.
Downloads
References
BAOAC, 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, The Association: Arlington, VA, USA, 15th ed., p. 770.
Borreani G, Tabacco E, Schmidt RJ, Holmes BJ, Muck RE. Silage review: Factors affecting dry matter and quality losses in silages. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101(5):3952-3979. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13837
Daniel JLP, Bernardes TF, Jobim CC, Schmidt P, Nussio LG. Production and utilization of silages in tropical areas with focus on Brazil. Grass Forage Sci 2019; 74(2):1-13.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/gfs.12417
Detmann E, Valadares Filho SC. On the estimation of non-fibrous carbohydrates in feeds and diets. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec 2010; 62(4):980-984. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-09352010000400030
Dubois M, Gilles KA, Hamilton JK, Rebers PA, Smith F. Colorimetric methods for determination of sugars and substances. Analytical Chemistry 1956; 28(3):350-356.
Funasaki M, Barroso HS, Fernandes VLA, Menezes IS. Amazon rainforest cosmetics: chemical approach for quality control. Química Nova 2016; 39(2):194-209. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/0100-4042.20160008
Gebrehanna MM, Gordon RJ, Madani A, VanderZaag AC, Wood JD. Silage effluent management: A review. J Environ Manage 2014; 143(1):113-122. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.04.012
Jobim CC, Nussio LG, Reis RA, Schimidt P. Avanços metodológicos na avaliação da qualidade da forragem conservada. R Bras Zootec 2007; 36 (Suppl):101-119. DOI:https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982007001000013
Lopes J, Evangelista AR. Características bromatológicas, fermentativas e população de leveduras de silagens de cana-de-açúcar acrescida de ureia e aditivos absorventes de umidade. R Bras Zootec 2010; 39(5):984-991. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982010000500007
Mcdonald P, Henderson AR, Heron SJE. The biochemistry of silage. 2nd ed. Marlow (UK): Chalcombe Publications;1991. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479700023115
Menezes BP, Rodrigues LS, Lourenço Júnior JB, Silva AGM, Andrade SJT, Silva JAR, Faturi C, Garcia AR, Nahúm BS, Barbosa AVC, Budel JCC, Araújo GS. Intake, digestibility, and nitrogen balance of rations containing different levels of murumuru meal in sheep diets. Semina Ciênc Agrár 2016; 37(1):415-427. DOI:https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n1p415
Monteiro IJG, Abreu JG, Cabral LS, Ribeiro MD, Reis RHP. Silagem de capim-elefante aditivada com produtos alternativos. Acta Sci Anim Sci 2011; 33(4):347-352. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v33i4.12629
Mota PES, Moura RL, Portela GLF, Carvalho WF, Oliveira MRA. Perdas e características fermentativas da silagem de capim-elefante com diferentes aditivos. ACSA 2015; 11(1):126-130. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.30969/acsa.v11i1.540
Muck RE. Silage microbiology and its control through additives. R Bras de Zootec 2010; 39 (Suppl):183-191. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982010001300021
Razak AO, Masaaki H, Yimamu A, Meiji O. Potential water Retention capacity as a factor in silage effluent control: Experiments with high moisture by-product feedstuffs. Asian-Australasian. J Anim Sci 2012; 25(4):471-478. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2011-11349
Rêgo MMT, Neiva JNM, Rêgo AC, Cândido MJD, Clementino RH, Restle J. Nutritional evaluation of elephant-grass silages with byproduct of annatto. R Bras Zootec 2010; 39(10):2281-2287. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982010001000026
Rocha JRASC, Machado JC, Carneiro PCS, Carneiro JC, Resende MDV, Pereira AV, Carneiro JES. Elephant grass ecotypes for bioenergy production via direct combustion of biomass. Industrial Crops and Products 2017; 95(1):27-32. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.10.014
Santos RJC, Lira MA, Guim, A, Santos MVF, Dubeux Junior JCB, Mello ACL. Elephant grass clones for silage production. Sci Agric 2013; 70(1):6-11. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90162013000100002
Statistical Analysis System Institute Inc. SAS Language Reference. Version 6. Cary, NC, USA: SAS Institute, 2001. 1042p.
Van soest PJ, Robertson JB. Analysis of forage and fibrous foods. Ithaca: Cornell University 1985; p.202.
Tomaz PK, Araujo LC, Sanches LA, Araujo SNS, Lima TO, Lino AA, Ferreira EM. Effect of sward height on the fermentability coefficient and chemical composition of Guinea grass silage. Grass Forage Sci 2018; 73(3):588-598. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/gfs.12349
Van soest PJ. Nutritional ecology of the ruminant. 2nd ed. (NY): Cornell University Press 1994; p.476.
Wilson JR, Hatfield RD. Structural and chemical changes of cell wall types during stem development: consequences for fibre degradation by rumen microflora. Australian J. Agric. Res 1997; 48(2):165-180. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1071/A96051
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The authors enable RCCP to reprint the material published in it.
The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions, and will allow the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
