Hormonas tiroideas en la reproducción y en la producción láctea del ganado lechero: revisión de literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.324002Palabras clave:
hormonas tiroideas, lactancia artificial, reproducción artificial, tiroxinaResumen
Además del interés que despiertan las acciones de las hormonas tiroideas (HT) sobre el mantenimiento del metabolismo basal y el funcionamiento de los sistemas orgánicos de mamíferos y no mamíferos, éstas resultan de particular importancia en la fisiología de la reproducción y la lactancia en el ganado lechero. Aunque la revisión pretende enfatizar sobre estos dos últimos aspectos, recoge además, información actualizada e ineludible, respecto de la síntesis de las HT, las bases moleculares de sus mecanismos de acción, su metabolismo y excreción, y algunos datos sobre las acciones que ejercen en otros sistemas. Dentro de las principales conclusiones, se destacan la correlación negativa que existe entre la producción láctea y la concentración plasmática de las HT, punto en el cual coinciden múltiples trabajos, al igual que el esclarecimiento del concepto del estado hipotiroideo de los animales lactantes, como un mecanismo protector que disminuye las demandas metabólicas sistémicas y que se acompaña de un estado eutiroideo en la glándula mamaria. En el aspecto reproductivo, sobresalen los descubrimientos de las acciones directas de las HT sobre las células ováricas, superando el concepto de sus acciones meramente permisivas. Los últimos avances en biología molecular, al dilucidar la química de los receptores de las HT, sus mecanismos de acción y vías de señalización, prometen facilitar la comprensión de muchas de sus acciones para ser aplicadas a los campos de la clínica y la producción. Se revisan, además, evidencias existentes sobre las acciones no genómicas de las HT y sus posibles implicaciones sobre múltiples funciones orgánicas aún no comprendidas. Finalmente, varios de los trabajos, ratifican la importancia que tiene la nutrición en la conservación del estado eutiroideo y los beneficios que pueden derivarse de la implementación de correctivos sencillos y de bajo costo relativo en este aspecto.
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