Composición de la grasa láctea en la sabana de Bogotá con énfasis en ácido ruménico - CLA cis-9, trans-11
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.324113Palabras clave:
ácido ruménico, grasa láctea, pastoreo, suplementaciónResumen
Los ácidos linoleicos conjugados (CLAs) son microcomponentes naturales de la grasa láctea de los rumiantes que han ganado un creciente interés por sus efectos potenciales sobre la salud humana. El ácido ruménico (CLA cis-9, trans-11 C18:2) es la iso-forma de CLA más importante por su abundancia y por sus efectos. Nuestro objetivo fue la identificación y cuantificación del ácido ruménico en la grasa láctea de la sabana de Bogotá, y la búsqueda de algunas relaciones entre la dieta y las concentraciones de A. ruménico, utilizando diecisiete muestras de leche de diferentes fincas de la sabana de Bogotá y cuatro muestras de leches de marcas comerciales. Para esto, se estandarizó un método de cromatografía de gases que permitió separar y cuantificar más de 30 ácidos grasos, desde el butírico (C4:0) hasta el araquídico (C20:0) y el ruménico (C18:2). La concentración promedio de ácido ruménico fue 13.6 mg/g de grasa, y varió desde 6.38 mg hasta 19.54 mg/g. Estos resultados son coherentes con otros reportes de literatura realizados bajo pastoreo y se ubican dentro de los valores esperados para condiciones de alimentación como las de este estudio. La suplementación de MS, el consumo de forrajes conservados, el consumo de ensilaje de maíz, y el consumo de semilla de algodón tuvieron una correlación negativa con la concentración de ácido ruménico (valores de r de -0.66, -0.54, -0.48 y -0.7, respectivamente), sin embargo, los valores de los coeficientes de determinación (r2) fueron bajos para estas variables, sugiriendo que cada variable puede tener efectos, pero, de manera individual, ninguna explica completamente la variación en la concentración de ácido ruménico. Se observó una disminución del contenido de ácido ruménico con el aumento de la suplementación bajo pastoreo, especialmente cuando esta incluye ensilaje de maíz y una tendencia a la disminución del contenido de ácido ruménico con el aumento en el consumo de semilla de algodón. Las diferencias encontradas en el contenido de ácido ruménico sugieren que la alimentación con forrajes frescos puede resultar ventajosa para la producción de leches con alto contenido de ácido ruménico, y que bajo condiciones comerciales, la suplementación apropiada podría ofrecer la oportunidad de aumentar el suministro de ácidos grasos poliinstaurados (AGPIs ) requeridos para su síntesis.
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