Almidones en la alimentación de rumiantes: revisión de literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.324967Palabras clave:
acidosis, amilopectina, amilosa, digestibilidad, lactancia, metanogénesisResumen
el almidón es un importante recurso energético para la alimentación de rumiantes. Este carbohidrato es frecuentemente empleado para el mejoramiento de los parámetros de fermentación ruminal, lo que optimiza el aprovechamiento de los carbohidratos estructurales e incrementa el flujo de proteína al intestino delgado. En su digestión participan enzimas microbianas y digestivas, las cuales generan diferentes productos que impactan positiva o negativamente el desempeño productivo y la salud del animal, dependiendo del nivel de almidón en la dieta. Objetivo: describir las características básicas de los almidones, los factores que afectan su disponibilidad nutricional y los efectos de su utilización en la alimentación de los rumiantes. Conclusión: existe un sinnúmero de factores que afectan la digestibilidad del almidón, entre ellos, el tamaño del gránulo, la relación amilosa/amilopéctina, la proporción de endospermo farináceo y vítreo, la presencia de complejos con lípidos y proteínas, y su procesamiento físico-químico. La ingestión de grandes cantidades de almidón puede desencadenar acidosis ruminal; no obstante, su empleo racional en la dieta de los rumiantes tiene efectos positivos sobre la emisión de metano, y la producción y calidad de la leche.
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