Fuentes de sesgo en estudios de asociación genética en ganado bovino: revisión de literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v31n4a02Palabras clave:
estimados de asociación, sesgo genético, mejoramiento genético, sesgo de muestreo, sesgo estadísticoResumen
Antecedentes: Los estudios de asociación genética son cada vez más usados en los programas de mejoramiento genético. Sin embargo, resultados inconsistentes de los estudios -como positivos, negativos o ausencia de asociación- restringen la reproducibilidad y su aplicación adecuada, propiciando la aparición de sesgos. Objetivo: Identificar y clasificar las fuentes potenciales de sesgo y determinar posibles estrategias para evitarlo en estudios de asociación genética en ganado. Fuentes de sesgo en estudios de asociación genética: Las fuentes genéticas y genómicas de sesgo incluyen los efectos asociados con la expresión que gobierna los loci. Los sesgos estadísticos y de muestreo están relacionados con factores como la estratificación y el tamaño de la base de datos. Estrategias para corregir sesgos en estudios de asociación genética: Las estrategias de corrección difieren en naturaleza. Las estrategias genéticas y genómicas se basan en determinar el enfoque apropiado para obtener la información genética. Las estrategias estadísticas y relacionadas con el muestreo se basan en la agrupación de individuos con ciertos rasgos que conducen a una reducción de la heterogeneidad. Conclusión. Se deben considerar las metodologías utilizadas en estudios previos para jerarquizar las fuentes de sesgo y facilitar las decisiones sobre el uso de herramientas para reducir inconsistencias en resultados futuros.
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