Efeitos de fatores não genéticos na composição química e na produção de leite em vacas da raça Holandesa-Frísia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v37n2a3Palavras-chave:
composição do leite, contagem de células somáticas, correlação fenotípica, fatores não genéticos, Holstein-Frísia, produção de leite, vacaResumo
Antecedentes: Para determinar com precisão o desempenho das vacas em termos de produção de leite e componentes do leite, é necessário conhecer a quantidade e a direção dos fatores ambientais. Embora existam muitos estudos sobre fatores ambientais que afetam a produção de leite, não há informações suficientes sobre os efeitos e a direção dos fatores ambientais na composição do leite. Objetivo: Determinar os efeitos de fatores não genéticos como estação de parto, ordem de lactação, estágio de lactação, idade, tamaño de la manada na produção de leite, composição química do leite cru e contagem de células somáticas (SCC) em vacas da raça Holandês-Frísia. Métodos: O material do estudo foi composto por 15.354 amostras de leite cru de 5.118 vacas da raça Holandesa-Frísia em 276 fazendas leiteiras na Turquia. A análise dos dados foi realizada utilizando o recurso General Linear Model (GLM) do programa estatístico SPSS. Resultados: Os valores médios de gordura (F), proteína (P), matéria seca (DM), lactose (L), uréia (U) e Log10SCC do leite de vaca foram encontrados como 3,74 ± 0,01, 3,19 ± 0,01, 11,36 ± 0,03, 4,32 ± 0,01%, 21,57 ± 0,28 mg/dL e 5.244 ± 0,01 células/mL, respectivamente. Pico de produção de leite (PMY), produção de leite de lactação (LMY), produção de leite em 305 dias (305-d MY) e valores de SCC foram determinados como 33,7 ± 0,13, 8.538,33 ± 89,64, 6.479,42 ± 168,96 kg e 224.164,34 ± 4.402,79 células/mL, respectivamente. Conclusões: Recomenda-se tomar medidas para melhorar o teor de proteína, matéria seca e uréia do leite em fazendas leiteiras na Turquia e investigar em detalhes a relação entre o teor de uréia do leite cru, mastite subclínica e características reprodutivas.
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