ICTs and inequality: Women’s acquisitions in the net?
Keywords:
information and communication technologies (ICTs), gender, cyber-feminism, techno-feminismAbstract
This text approaches gender relations within the information and communication technologies (ICTs). Having social studies on technology as a reference, it states that the ideas on gender practices inform about the design, production and use of ITCs, and therefore technical devices and culture play an important role in shaping gender identity. It also discusses in a critical way the cyber-feminist theories that perceive new ICTs as a possibility for women’s emancipation, as if these technologies, contrary to the previous ones, were per se liberating. It therefore makes a proposal on techno-feminism, as a feminist policy that critically analyzes the ways in which new technologies open new gender dynamics, and at the same time reflect old inequality patterns in contemporary societies.
Downloads
References
Berg, A. J., 1996, Digital Feminism, Report No. 28 Dragvoll, Norway: Senter for Tenologi og Samfunn, Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
Bijker, W., T. Hughes y T. Pinch, eds., 1987, The Social Construction of Technological Systems, Cambridge MA, MIT Press.
Bittman, M., J. Rice y J. Wajcman, 2004, “Appliances and their Impact: The Ownership of Domestic Technology and Time Spent on Household Work”, The British Journal of Sociology, vol. 55, núm. 3, pp. 401-423.
Cassidy, M., 2001, “Cyberspace Meets Domestic Space: Personal Computers, Women’s Work, and the Gendered Territories of the Family Home”, Critical Studies in Media Communications, vol. 18, núm. 1, pp. 44-65.
Castells, M., 1996, The Rise of the Network Society: The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture, Vol. 1, Oxford, Blackwell.
_, 2001, The Internet Galaxy, Oxford, Oxford University Press. CNNIC, 2002, “11th Survey Report”, CNNIC, [en línea], disponible en: www.cnnic.net.cn, consulta:
de marzo de 2006.
Cockburn, C., 1983, Brothers: Male Dominance and Technological Change, London, Pluto Press.
Cockburn, C. y S. Ormrod, 1993, Gender and Technology in the Making, London, Sage.
Connell, R. W., 1995, Masculinities, Cambridge, Polity Press.
Cowan, R. S., 1983, More Work for Mother: The Ironies of Household Technology from the Open Hearth tothe Microwave, New York, Basic Books.
Edwards, P. y J. Wajcman, 2005, The Politics of Working Life, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Faulkner, W., 2001, “The Technology Question in Feminism: A View from Feminist Technology Studies”, Women’s Studies International Forum, vol. 24, núm. 1, pp. 79-95.
Faulkner, W. y M. Lohan, 2004, “Masculinities and Technologies”, Men and Masculinities, vol. 6, núm. 4, pp. 319-329.
Fischer, C. S., 1992, America Calling: A Social History of the Telephone to 1940, Berkeley CA, University of California Press.
Griffiths, M., 2003, “Sex on the Internet”, en: J. Turow y A. Kavanaugh, eds., The Wired Homestead, Cambridge, Mass, MIT Press, pp. 261-282.
Gill, R., 2002, “Cool, Creative and Egalitarian? Exploring Gender in Project-Based New Media Work in Europe”, Information, Communication & Society, vol. 5, núm. 1, pp. 70-89.
_, 2006, Gender and the Media, Cambridge, Polity Press.
Greenfield, S., 2002, Set Fair: A Report on Women in Science, Engineering and Technology, London, Department of Trade and Industry.
Grundy, F., 1996, Women and Computers, Exeter, Intellectual Books.
Hacker, S., 1989, Pleasure, Power and Technology, Boston, MA, Unwin Hyman.
Hackett, E., O. Amsterdamska, M. Lynch y J. Wajcman, New Handbook of Science and Technology Studies, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, forthcoming.
Hamill, L., 2003, “Time as a Rare Commodity in Home Life”, en: R. Harper, ed., Inside the Smart House, London, Springer, pp. 63-78.
Hebson, G. e I. Grugulis, 2005, “Gender and New Organisational Forms”, en: M. Marchington, D. Grimshaw, J. Rubery y H. Willmott, eds., Fragmenting Work, Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 217-238.
Henwood, F., S. Plumeridge y L. Stepulevage, 2000, “A Tale of Two Cultures?: Gender and Inequality in Computer Education”, en: S. Wyatt, F. Henwood, N. Miller y S. Senker, eds., Technology and In/equality: Questioning the Information Society, London, Routledge, pp. 111-128.
House_n, s. f., [en línea], disponible en: http://architecture.mit.edu/house_n, consulta: 18 de marzo de 2006.
Huws, U., 2003, The Making of a Cybertariat: Virtual Work in a Real World, London, Merlin Press.
Jackson, S. y S. Scott, eds., 2002, Gender: A Sociological Reader, London, Routledge.
Jones, P., 1998, “The Technology Is Not the Cultural Form? Raymond Williams”s Sociological Critique of Marshall McLuhan”, Canadian Journal of Communication, vol. 23, núm. 4, pp. 423-454.
Law, J. y J., Hassard, eds., 1999, Actor-Network Theory and After, Oxford, Blackwell.
Lerman, N. E., R. Oldenziel y A. P. Mohun, eds., 2003, Gender and Technology: A Reader, Baltimore, The John Hopkins University Press.
Lessig, L., 2002, The Future of Ideas, New York, Vintage.
Lie, M., ed., 2003, He, She and IT Revisited: New Perspectives on Gender in the Information Societ,Oslo, Gyldendal.
Liff, S. y A. Laegran, eds., 2003, New Media & Society, vol. 5, núm. 3, Special Issue on cybercafes.
MacKenzie, D. y J. Wajcman, 1999, The Social Shaping of Technology: Second Edition, Milton Keynes, Open University Press.
Mansell, R., 2002, “From Digital Divides to Digital Entitlements in Knowledge Societies”, Current Sociology, vol. 50, núm. 3, pp. 407-426.
Martin, M., 1991, “Hello Central?”: Gender, Technology, and the Culture in the Formation of Telephone Systems, Montreal, McGill-Queen”s University Press.
Martin, U., S. Liff, W. Dutton y Light, A., 2004, Rocket Science or Social Science? Involving Women in the Creation of Computing, Oxford Internet Institute, Forum Discussion Paper No. 3.
McLuhan, M., 1962, The Gutenberg Galaxy, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Mellstrom, U., 2003, Masculinity, Power and Technology: A Malaysian Ethnography, Aldershot, Ashgate.
Millar, J. y Jagger, N., 2001, Women in ITEC Courses and Careers, London, Women and Equality Unit, DTI.
National Science Foundation, 2004, Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering, NSF04-317, Arlington, Division of Science Resources Statistics.
Negroponte, N., 1995, Being Digital, Sydney, Hodder and Stoughton.
Oldenziel, R., 1999, Making Technology Masculine: Men, Women and Modern Machines in America, Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Press.
Oudshoorn, N., 1994, Beyond the Natural Body: An Archaeology of Sex Hormones, London, Routledge. _, 2003, The Male Pill: A Biography of a Technology in the Making, Durham, Duke University Press.
Oudshoorn, N. y T. Pinch, eds., 2003, How Users Matter: The Co-construction of Users and Technology, Cambridge Mass., MIT Press.
Panteli, N., J. Stack y H. Ramsay, 2001, “Gendered patterns in computing work in the late 1990s”, New Technology, Work and Employment, vol. 16, núm. 1, pp. 3-17.
Perrons, D., 2003, “The New Economy and the Work-Life Balance: Conceptual Explorations and a Case Study of New Media”, Gender, Work & Organization, vol. 10, núm. 1, pp. 65-93.
Plant, S., 1998, Zeroes and Ones: Digital Women and The New Technoculture, London, Fourth Estate.
Pratt, A., 2000, “New Media, the New Economy and New Spaces”, Geoforum, vol. 31, pp. 425-436.
Rice, R. y J. Katz, 2003, “Comparing Internet and Mobile Phone Usage: Digital Divides of Usage, Adoption, and Dropouts”, Telecommunications Policy, vol. 27, pp. 597-623.
Sassen, S., 2002, “Towards a Sociology of Information Technology”, Current Sociology, vol. 50, núm. 3, pp. 365-388.
Scott, N., K. McKemey y S. Batchelor, 2004, “The Use of Telephones amongst the Poor in Africa: Some Gender Implications”, Gender, Technology and Development, vol. 8, núm. 2, pp. 185-207.
Sismondo, S., 2004, An introduction to Science and Technology Studies, Malden, MA, Blackwell.
Stanley, A., 1995, Mothers and Daughters of Invention,New Brunswick, NJ, Rutgers University Press.
Star, S. L., ed., 1995, The Cultures of Computing, Oxford, Blackwell.
Stone, A. R., 1995, The War of Desire and Technology at the Close of the Mechanical Age, Cambridge MA, MIT Press.
Terranova, T., 2000, “Free Labor: Producing Culture for the Digital Economy”, Social Text, vol. 18, núm. 2, pp. 33-58.
Thomas, G. y S. Wyatt, 2000, “Access is not the only Problem: Using and Controlling the Internet”, en:S. Wyatt, F. Henwood, N. Miller y S. Senker, eds., Technology and In/equality: Questioning the Information Society, London, Routledge, pp. 21-45.
Turkle, S., 1984, The Second Self: Computers and the Human Spirit, London, Granada.
Turkle, S., 1995, Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet, New York, Simon & Schuster.
Wajcman, J., 1991, Feminism Confronts Technology, Cambridge, Polity Press.
_, 2004, TechnoFeminism, Cambridge, Polity Press.
Wakeford, N., 1998, “Gender and the Landscapes of Computing in an Internet Café”, en: M. Crang, P. Crang y J. May, eds., Virtual Geographies: Bodies, Spaces and Relations, London, Routledge, pp. 178-201.
Williams, R., 1974, Television: Technology and Cultural Form, London, Fontana.
Zoonen, L. van, 2002, “Gendering the Internet”, European Journal of Communication, vol. 17, núm. 1,pp. 5-23.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Esta obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional