Cuestionando el dogma experimentalista: inconmensurabilidad empírica en la neurociencia temprana

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.ef.359301

Palabras clave:

Camillo Golgi, Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Neurona, Cambio Perceptual

Resumen

En este artículo examinamos lo que se puede llamar un "dogma experimentalista" presupuesto en el análisis de Pablo Melogno sobre la inconmensurabilidad empírica en la revolución química. Según Melogno, el hecho de que se preservaran los métodos experimentales durante toda la revolución química era una indicación de que no había diferencias perceptuales relevantes entre Joseph Priestley y Antoine Lavoisier. Para refinar el análisis general de Melogno, presentaremos una taxonomía de variedades de inconmensurabilidad empírica y discutiremos sus relaciones. Para ejemplificar esta categorización, y mostrar su adecuación metateórica, la aplicaremos a la revolución neuronista, es decir, al proceso de descubrimiento de la neurona a finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX dentro de la neuroanatomía, tomando como principal caso de estudio la controversia entre Camillo Golgi y Santiago Ramón y Cajal. A partir del análisis de las controversias sobre las espinas dendríticas y las células estrelladas del cerebelo, en particular, cuestionamos el dogma experimentalista, destacando cómo, en estas controversias, la conservación de las prácticas experimentales no garantiza la similitud de los contenidos perceptivos. Además, sostendremos que, siendo iguales todas las demás condiciones experimentales, las diferencias en el contenido experiencial entre Golgi y Cajal se explican mejor por las diferencias en sus compromisos con esquemas conceptuales incompatibles.

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Biografía del autor/a

Sergio Daniel Barberis, CEFHIC-UNQ-CONICET, FFyL-UBA, UdeSA

Assistant Researcher at CONICET (Argentina's National Council of Scientific and Technical Research), hosted by the CEFHIC-UNQ (the Center for Philosophy and History of Science at the National University of Quilmes). Professor of Philosophy of Science, History of Science, Philosophy of Biology, Metaphysics, and Philosophy of Mind at FFyL-UBA (the Faculty of Philosophy and Lirterature of the University of Buenos Aires). Professor of Introduction to Science at Behavioral Sciences-UdeSA, PhD in Philosophy from UBA. Fulbright Postdoctoral Researcher at Georgia State University. Main contributions: "Functional analyses, mechanistic explanations and explanatory tradeoffs" (Journal of Cognitive Science, 2013), "A pluralist framework for the philosophy of social neuroscience" (Elsevier, 2017), "History of Behavioral Neurology"with Cory Wright (Elsevier, 2022) , "Conceptual Change and Tool Development: The Challenges of the Neurosciences to the Philosophy of Scientific Revolutions" (RHV, 2022), and "The open texture of functions: a framework for analyzing functional concepts in molecular biology" with Ariel Roffé, Santiago Ginnobili and Karina Alleva (Synthese, 2024). 

Santiago Ginnobili, CEFHIEC-UNQ-CONICET, FFyL-UBA

Santiago Ginnobili studied Philosophy at the University of Buenos Aires, where he also completed his Ph.D. He is a Professor of Philosophy at the University of Buenos Aires and the National University of Quilmes. He is a researcher at CONICET (National Council of Scientific and Technical Research) and a member of both the CEFHIC (Center for Studies on Science and Technology) and the ANFIBIO Group (Group for the Philosophical Analysis of Biology, www.anfibio.com.ar). His main area of research is the philosophy of biology. He is also deeply interested in how work in the philosophy of science can contribute to its teaching and public communication.

Ariel Jonathan Roffé, CEFHIEC-UNQ-CONICET, FFyL-UBA

Ariel Jonathan Roffé is a Philosophy Ph.D from the University of Buenos Aires, Researcher (investigador asistente) at CONICET and professor (Jefe de Trabajos Prácticos) at the Chair of Philosophy of Science at the Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires. His main research areas are the logic of science and the philosophy of biology (particularly systematics). He is a part of the ANFIBIO group, the CEFHIC group, the BA-Logic group and other research groups in Logic and Philosophy of Science. He also develops software for teaching and research, such as TAUT and Reconstructor.

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Publicado

2025-02-27

Cómo citar

Barberis, S. D., Ginnobili, S., & Roffé, A. J. (2025). Cuestionando el dogma experimentalista: inconmensurabilidad empírica en la neurociencia temprana. Estudios De Filosofía. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.ef.359301

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Sección

Ciencia, cambio teórico e inconmensurabilidad: Homenaje a Pablo Melogno

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