Eficacia y seguridad de la inmunoterapia subcutánea con extractos alergénicos de pólenes en asma y rinoconjuntivitis alérgica

Resumen

BACKGROUND: The Previsora Allergy Service, Camagüey has studied sensitization to the following allergens: Ambrosía psilostachya, Amaranthus leucocarpus, Helianthus annuus, Rumex acetosella, Lolium perenne, Cupressus lindley, and Cocos nucifera. 40% of individuals with rhinitis and / or asthma were sensitized to these allergens.

OBJECTIVE: Specify the efficacy and safety of monotherapy in patients with asthma and allergic rhinitis sensitized to pollen allergens.

METHODS: There were 210 patients whose Prick Test was positive to pollens;monotherapy was indicated in those who expressed the largest wheal diameter in the skin test. Immunotherapy (IT) was begun by the fourth decimal dilution of 10,000 protein nitrogen units (10 PNU / cc). A weekly dosage increment regimen was initiated. Efficacy and safety were actively monitored for 15 months. Efficacy variables included reducing the frequency and severity of symptoms, drug consumption behavior, and the quality of life questionnaires (RQLQ and AQLQ). Safety was assessed by local allergic reactions (rash, itching, and wheals), systemic allergic reactions were classified by grades (I, II, III, and IV).

RESULTS: There were nine patients who initiated then left IT. The reduction in frequency and severity of the crisis was 41% compared to baseline. The use of medications was reduced by 64%. The quality of life was increased by 3 points in asthma and 2 points in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. There were 16 (7.6%) local allergic reactionsand 5 (2.3%) grade I systemic allergic reactions.

CONCLUSION: Subcutaneous monotherapy with pollens was effective and safe in patients with asthma and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in the province of Camagüey.