La exposición al ruido y su efecto sobre la frecuencia cardiaca, la presión arterial y los niveles de cortisol: una revisión de tema
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iatreia.209Palabras clave:
Hidrocortisona, Estrés Fisiológico, Frecuencia Cardíaca, Presión Arterial, RuidoResumen
Introducción: el ruido ha sido reconocido como un contaminante ambiental asociado al incremento de la frecuencia cardiaca, la presión arterial y los niveles de cortisol.
Objetivo: establecer, mediante una revisión crítica de la literatura, la relación entre la exposición al ruido y la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca, la presión arterial y los niveles de cortisol en personas expuestas al ruido de forma prolongada.
Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura en SCOPUS, PubMed y LILACS, en la cual se usaron términos MeSh y DeCS. La búsqueda arrojó un total de 253 artículos, de los cuales 50 fueron seleccionados para esta revisión.
Resultados: la exposición al ruido genera un aumento en la frecuencia cardiaca, lo cual representa un riesgo de sufrir eventos cardiovasculares. Existe una relación positiva entre la presión arterial y la exposición al ruido. El ruido induce la liberación de hormonas como las catecolaminas y corticoesteroides, los cuales afectan el sistema simpático y parasimpático.
Conclusión: la evidencia indica que existe una relación indirecta y positiva entre una exposición significativa y prolongada al ruido como evento estresor y la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca, el aumento de la presión arterial y los niveles de cortisol.
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