Deficiencia de hierro y su influencia sobre la memoria y el aprendizaje en estudios preclínicos y clínicos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iatreia.327Palabras clave:
Anemia, Aprendizaje, Deficiencias de Hierro, MemoriaResumen
Introducción: la deficiencia de hierro es un problema de salud pública que afecta al 25 % de la población mundial, siendo las mujeres embarazadas y los niños los grupos más vulnerables. Recientemente, se está logrando comprender el rol fundamental que cumple el hierro para las funciones de las células gliales y las neuronas, las cuales están implicadas en la memoria y el aprendizaje.
Objetivo: explorar la evidencia más actualizada que vincula la DH con la memoria y el aprendizaje dependiente del hipocampo tanto en estudios preclínicos y clínicos
Métodos: revisión narrativa que se basó en una búsqueda de artículos en PubMed, Scopus, Scielo y Google, siguiendo las pautas de la guía SANRA para revisiones narrativas.
Resultados: en los estudios preclínicos y clínicos analizados se ha encontrado que la deficiencia de hierro se asocia con alteraciones dentro del sistema nervioso, siendo la etapa fetal/neonatal y la niñez donde se ha encontrado que afecta, principalmente, el aprendizaje, la memoria, las habilidades motoras gruesas y finas, el temperamento y el binomio madre-hijo.
Conclusiones: la deficiencia de hierro afecta negativamente la memoria y el aprendizaje, alterando la mielinización, el metabolismo energético y la señalización neuronal en el hipocampo tanto a nivel preclínico como clínico.
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