Determinants of Exclusive Breastfeeding Worldwide and in Colombia: A Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iatreia.282Keywords:
Barriers to Access of Health Services, Breast Feeding, Health Risk Behaviors, Integral Healthcare Practice, social determinants of healthAbstract
Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is essential for infant health; although WHO recommends it for the first 6 months of life, adherence worldwide is low. Despite various interventions in Colombia, its average duration is not as expected. More research is needed on the determinants of EBF in Colombia and globally.
Objectives: To identify factors determining compliance with or abandonment of EBF worldwide, and to ascertain the existence of similar factors in Colombia.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted in PubMed following the PRISMA protocol, including studies in English and Spanish, with mothers aged 14-50 years and children aged 0-24 months.
Results: 35 articles were included: 10 systematic reviews and meta-analyses, 9 cohort studies, 13 cross-sectional studies, 2 randomized controlled trials, and 1 mixed study; covering 21 countries and identifying 58 variables associated with successful EBF or its abandonment.
Discussion: Multiple social, cultural, economic, and personal factors influencing EBF can be risk or protective depending on the population. In Colombia, associations with some of the most frequently described factors are found. Factors and variables not included in previous reviews are proposed, which could be analyzed further.
Conclusions: Relevant variables for EBF in Colombia and worldwide are identified. The fundamental role of health professionals in promoting EBF is highlighted, as well as the need for effective practice in the population.
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References
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