Factors Associated with the Risk of Lymphedema in Breast Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iatreia.339Keywords:
Breast Neoplasms, Lymphedema, Lymph Node Excision, MastectomyAbstract
Introduction: In women with breast cancer, post-surgical lymphedema is a prevalent sequela that is often undervalued and diagnosed late. It results in functional sequelae that impact quality of life and work performance, as well as long-term psychological and aesthetic consequences. This situation highlights the need for improvement in diagnosis and treatment to inhibit disease progression.
Objectives: To determine the sociodemographic, clinical and treatment-related factors associated with the risk of developing lymphedema in women with surgically treated breast cancer.
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional observational study with analytical intention was conducted between 2022 and 2023 in a leading oncology center in the city of Medellin.
Results: A strong statistical association was found between the risk of developing lymphedema and axillary lymphadenectomy with an OR of 14.5 (95% CI: 4.67 - 45.01; p < 0.001), having a partner with an OR of 2.65 (95% CI: 1.12 - 6.28; p 0.02) and adjuvant radiotherapy with an OR of 4.23 (95% CI: 1.02 - 17.42; p 0.04). Similarly, factors such as overweight or obesity, menopause, contributory type affiliation to the health system, and chemotherapy administration were shown as risk factors, although not statistically significant.
Conclusions: Lymphedema is a condition with a high prevalence. Notable risk factors have been identified, with axillary lymphadenectomy and the use of radiotherapy standing out, with a statistically significant correlation.
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