Ventricular Aneurysm and Pseudoaneurysm: Complications We Must Not Overlook. A Narrative Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iatreia.336Keywords:
Cardiac Aneurysm, Cardiac Tamponade, False Aneurysm, myocardial infarctionAbstract
Introduction: Ventricular aneurysm and pseudoaneurysm are complications of acute myocardial infarction with significant clinical risks. True aneurysms affect all layers of the heart, while pseudoaneurysms, which are more prone to rupture, are contained only by the pericardium.
Objectives: To provide a detailed approach for the diagnosis and treatment of ventricular aneurysm and pseudoaneurysm aimed to improve clinical management.
Methods: A systematic search was conducted in scientific databases such as PubMed and Cochrane Library, including observational studies, reviews, and clinical guidelines.
Results: In acute myocardial infarction, aneurysms have an incidence of 11%, while pseudoaneurysms occur in 0.02% of cases. Diagnosis is based on imaging studies such as echocardiography and magnetic resonance. Treatment can be conservative or surgical; however, in some cases, a pseudoaneurysm may constitute a surgical emergency.
Conclusions: Early diagnosis and revascularization in acute myocardial infarction may reduce the incidence of these complications. The use of anticoagulants remains controversial, and further research is needed to determine their benefit.
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