Biologic bases of drug dependence: toward an integral approach of the problem

Abstract

Drugs abuse and dependence are complex and expensive disorders that require a polymodal and integral therapeutic intervention. Several scientific discoveries related to the biological bases of these disorders have recently arisen. These discoveries guide the design of programs that include different psychotropic drugs and psychotherapeutic technics that allow a modulation of the neuronal dysfunction process. Research on the mesolimbic dopaminergic system and the opioid receptors in the brain stem and the nucleus accumbens added to new knowledge of different intraneuronal mechanisms, allow a better understanding of cerebral and behavioral changes due to acute and chronic consumption of drugs. Such biological findings are the purpose of this revie based on a MEDLINE search of articles.