Características diferenciales entre los pacientes con COVID-19 en los picos epidemiológicos del suroccidente colombiano durante la pandemia 2020-2022
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iatreia.332Palabras clave:
COVID-19, Pandemias, SARS-CoV-2, Transmisión de Enfermedad Infecciosa, VacunaciónResumen
Introducción: la infección por SARS-CoV-2 representa una gran amenaza para la salud pública mundial. En Colombia, se han confirmado más de 6 millones de casos, sin datos estadísticos actualizados del suroccidente del país, lo que dificulta diferenciar las características clínicas, los factores de gravedad y los desenlaces propios de cada oleada.
Objetivo: determinar las características de los pacientes adultos con COVID-19 de las cuatro olas de la enfermedad en un servicio de urgencias.
Métodos: se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo longitudinal retrospectivo. Las variables cuantitativas se expresaron mediante medidas de tendencia central y dispersión, mientras que en las variables categóricas se hizo en proporciones.
Resultados: se incluyeron 8172 pacientes distribuidos en cuatro olas: primera (18,6 %), segunda (28,8 %), tercera (32,1 %) y cuarta (20,4 %). La tercera ola mostró la mayor gravedad (31,6 % de casos graves, 12,7 % de mortalidad) y niveles altos de marcadores inflamatorios (proteína C reactiva, ferritina). La cuarta ola, posterior al inicio de la vacunación, tuvo menor gravedad y mortalidad (6,7 %), con menos casos críticos en vacunados (3,5 %) en comparación con los no vacunados (11,7 %).
Conclusiones: nuestros resultados coinciden con otros estudios, sugiriendo que la vacunación influyó en los desenlaces hospitalarios, la frecuencia de mortalidad y la disminución de nuevos casos graves y críticos.
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