Eficacia de la fagoterapia en infecciones multirresistentes del pie diabético: revisión crítica de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iatreia.356Palabras clave:
Antibacterianos, Bacteriófagos, Farmacorresistencia Microbiana, Pie DiabéticoResumen
Introducción: la diabetes es una enfermedad metabólica crónica que genera complicaciones como el síndrome de pie diabético, que se manifiesta mediante ulceraciones propensas a infectarse por bacterias multirresistentes, lo cual dificulta su tratamiento con antibióticos convencionales y aumenta el riesgo de amputación. Ante este desafío, la fagoterapia se considera como una alternativa terapéutica para el control de infecciones en el pie diabético.
Objetivos: recopilar y analizar la evidencia disponible sobre la eficacia de la fagoterapia en infecciones de pie diabético para exponer su potencial clínico y orientar futuras investigaciones.
Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en 11 bases de datos y se seleccionaron 16 artículos que evaluaron la eficacia, vías de administración, eventos adversos y efectos del tratamiento al utilizar fagoterapia individual o combinada con antibióticos.
Resultados: los estudios mostraron resultados positivos del tratamiento con disminución de carga bacteriana y sin efectos adversos reportados. La eficacia varía según la complejidad y la presencia de infecciones polimicrobianas.
Conclusiones: los estudios analizados in vitro, en animales y reportes de casos evidencian resultados positivos con la fagoterapia en infecciones multirresistentes de pie diabético, encontrando una alternativa potencial a procedimientos más invasivos como la amputación. Sin embargo, es necesario realizar ensayos clínicos controlados y aleatorizados a gran escala para obtener datos precisos sobre su eficacia y seguridad.
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