Especiación de hierro, níquel y cobalto en la biodegradación anaerobia de la paja de arroz
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20200366Palabras clave:
biogás, metales, mineral, rendimiento, tratamiento de residuosResumen
Se investigó la biodisponibilidad de Fe, Ni y Co y su impacto en la monodigestión de la paja de arroz con la adición de una fuente natural de nutrientes. La distribución de las formas de enlace de Fe, Ni y Co y su potencial de biodisponibilidad se evaluó en dos reactores durante 311 días de experimentación a 37°C. En el reactor R2 se suministró una dosis de mineral de 1 g L-1 una vez por semana. El reactor control (R1) estuvo limitado de mineral durante el estudio. El mayor rendimiento de metano de 238 mL/g SV se obtuvo con el suministro de mineral, con un incremento de 45% respecto al reactor sin metales (164 mL/g VS). La extracción secuencial confirmó que el 70%, 88% y 75% de Fe, Ni y Co estuvieron principalmente en formas biodisponibles, intercambiables y carbonato, respectivamente, cuando se adicionó el mineral en R2. En R1, el Fe y Co estuvieron principalmente asociados a las fracciones de carbonatos y materia orgánica-sulfuro (43% y 41%), respectivamente, siendo las concentraciones de Ni no detectadas durante la experimentación. Como resultado, el rendimiento de metano en R2 incrementó en un 45%, con un potencial de biodisponibilidad (Ni > Co > Fe) mayor en comparación con el reactor control (Co > Fe). La limitación de metales en R1 condujo al agotamiento de las fracciones biodisponibles, con un impacto negativo en la comunidad metanogénica.
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