Evolución de comunidad microbiana desarrollada en biofilm en biosoportes durante tratamiento de efluentes de celulosa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20240730Palabras clave:
Biorreactores, reactor de biofilm de lecho, efluente industrial, tratamiento de aguas residuales, secuenciación genéticaResumen
En este estudio se investigó la evolución de la matriz de biopelícula responsable del tratamiento de efluentes de una planta de celulosa y se identificó la comunidad microbiana mediante la secuenciación del gen 16S rRNA. Además, se exploró un biosoporte que prometía una estructura funcional con mejores características específicas para la formación de biofilm que los medios convencionales de poliuretano. Las eficiencias de remoción promedio fueron 43,7% para la demanda química de oxígeno (DQO) y 62,7% para la demanda bioquímica de oxígeno (DBO5). El color aumentó durante el tratamiento, lo que indica que se están formando zonas anóxicas en la parte interna de este tipo de soporte. Las micrografías periódicas mostraron la evolución de sustancias poliméricas extracelulares y materiales como hongos y bacterias adheridos a los portadores. La secuenciación genética confirmó la presencia de Bacillus sp. y Paenibacillus glucanolyticus, especies con potencial para degradar y decolorar los efluentes industriales de pulpa. Los resultados ofrecen una base potencial para mejorar las instalaciones de tratamiento de las fábricas de celulosa y papel en función de las actividades microbianas.
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