Todo lo que necesitas saber antes de trabajar con bombas como turbina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20240410Palabras clave:
Bombas, Turbinas, Economía de la energía, Fuente de energía renovable, vibraciónResumen
La generación de energía eléctrica es uno de los temas más relevantes de las últimas décadas. Esta energía se puede obtener mediante el uso de fuentes no renovables, fuentes renovables y especialmente el uso
de fuentes renovables no convencionales. Dentro de esta última categoría podemos clasificar el uso de bombas como turbina. Las bombas son máquinas hidráulicas diseñadas para el gasto energético. Gracias a que son máquinas reversibles, las bombas a modo de turbinas se pueden utilizar en su modo de funcionamiento inverso y extraer energía valiosa del fluido. Sin embargo, este uso puede generar algunos inconvenientes en su proceso, que van desde el montaje, caracterización y fenómenos hidrodinámicos. Este artículo proporciona los conceptos teóricos básicos y las curvas de funcionamiento que normalmente se utilizan para bombas como turbinas. Además de un abordaje global de los fenómenos hidrodinámicos asociados al uso de bombas como turbinas, tal
es el caso de la vibración, la cavitación y la pérdida rotatoria. Todo este panorama se complementa con algunos ejemplos de aplicación y análisis económicos que ratifican las ventajas de utilizar bombas como turbinas como fuente confiable de generación de energía.
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