Firma espectral de la roya parda y la roya naranja en la caña de azúcar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20191042Palabras clave:
teledetección, caña de azúcar, plagas, vegetación, agriculturaResumen
La agricultura de precisión, haciendo uso de la variabilidad espacial y temporal de las tierras cultivables, permite a los agricultores refinar la fertilización, controlar la irrigación de los campos, estimar la productividad de la siembra, así como detectar plagas y enfermedad en los cultivos. Con ese fin, en este trabajo se identifica la firma de reflectancia espectral de la roya parda (Puccinia melanocephala) y la roya naranja (Puccinia kuehnii), que contaminan hojas de caña de azúcar (Saccharum spp.). Mediante espectrometría se obtienen los valores medios y las desviaciones estándares de la firma de reflectancia espectral para cinco niveles de contaminación de las hojas en cada tipo de roya, observándose las mayores diferencias entre hojas sanas y enfermas en las bandas roja (R) e infrarroja cercana (NIR). Con los resultados obtenidos, se utilizó una cámara fotográfica multiespectral para obtener imágenes de las hojas y calcular mediante estas el índice de vegetación de diferencia normalizada (NDVI: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). Los resultados permitieron identificar la presencia de ambas plagas diferenciando hojas sanas de contaminadas mediante el valor del índice con una diferencia promedio del 11.9% para roya parda y del 9.9% para roya naranja.
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