SOFCEV: Reducción de LCC y VPN basada en ahorros en fijación de carbono por plantaciones
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20210952Palabras clave:
Costo del ciclo de vida, créditos de carbono, vehículo eléctrico de celda de combustible de óxido sólido, emisiones de dióxido de carbono, etanol de caña de azúcarResumen
La tarificación del carbono es un método rentable para mitigar los impactos climáticos. Este artículo examina el costo del ciclo de vida convencional (LCC), el valor actual neto (NPV) y las emisiones de dióxido de carbono (CO2) del vehículo eléctrico de celda de combustible de óxido sólido (SOFCEV). Se evaluó el potencial de reducción de costos del SOFCEV, considerando la productividad brasileña de caña de azúcar y la fijación de carbono por estas plantaciones, mediante el mecanismo de venta de créditos de carbono. Se delinearon tres escenarios: a) Costo de inversión, producción de combustible, mantenimiento y operación del vehículo en USD/km, en un período de amortización de 10 años; b) Costo de emisión producida en el SOFCEV desde el pozo a la rueda agregado al coste de (a); c) Costo del carbono fijado por hectáreas de caña de azúcar necesario para abastecer el SOFCEV restado de (b). El SOFCEV alimentado con etanol alcanza la neutralidad de carbono, con un costo evitado 1,1 veces mayor que el costo de las emisiones. La gasolina C mostró un costo de emisiones 2.5 veces mayor que el costo reducido. El precio del carbono no fue suficiente para que la tecnología fuera más viable para el consumidor, con un NPV esperado de -USD 8006.38 en 10 años. Así, se espera obtener indicadores económicos para incentivar el uso de biocombustibles en las estaciones de carga eléctrica.
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