Influencia de enzimas degradadoras de polisacáridos no amiláceos en el crecimiento, parámetros sanguíneos y calidad de la canal de pollos de engorde alimentados con dietas a base de maíz o trigo/cebada
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v30n4a04Palabras clave:
características de la canal, cereales, NSP-asas exógenas, eficiencia alimenticia, nutrición avícolaResumen
Antecedentes: Aunque el uso de enzimas degradadoras de polisacáridos no amiláceos (NSPasas) en dietas a base de maíz, avena, centeno, cebada o trigo ha sido investigado, se ha prestado poca atención a la mezcla de trigo y cebada como materias primas básicas para la alimentación del pollo de engorde. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la inclusión de diferentes niveles de enzimas NSP comerciales en dietas basadas en maíz y en la mezcla de trigo/cebada sobre el crecimiento, calidad de la canal y metabolitos sanguíneos del pollo de engorde. Métodos: Trescientos pollos machos de 1 d de edad (Ross-308) fueron alimentados con dos dietas (una dieta a base de maíz y una dieta basada en trigo/cebada), dos enzimas comerciales (Kemin® y Rovabio®), y dos niveles de enzimas (0,025 y 0,05%) en un arreglo factorial de 2×2×2, desde el d 1 al 42 de edad. Resultados: En general, las aves alimentadas con dietas a base de maíz (con o sin suplementación enzimática) consumieron más alimento (p < 0,05) durante todo el experimento, mostraron mayor aumento de peso (p < 0,05) y menor FCR (p < 0,05) en comparación con la dieta basada en trigo/cebada (con o sin suplementación enzimática). Sin embargo, cuando se proporcionaron las enzimas, la FCR no mejoró en las aves alimentadas con la dieta a base de maíz. Por el contrario, en las aves alimentadas con trigo/cebada aumentó el peso corporal y la conversion alimenticia mejoró (p < 0,05) con la inclusión de 0,05% NSPasas. Los tratamientos dietarios no afectaron (p > 0,05) las características económicas de la canal, mientras que parámetros de bioquímica sanguínea como glucosa, colesterol, VLDL y HDL cambiaron (p < 0,05) al incorporar enzimas en la dieta. Conclusión: Los resultados muestran la bioeficacia de xilanasas y glucanasas en dietas avícolas a base de trigo/cebada, ricas en NSPasas, lo que se podría traducir en beneficios económicos para el productor.
Descargas
Citas
Allain CC, Poon LS, Chan CSG, Richmond W, Fu PC. enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol. Clin Chem 1974; 20:470-475.
Aviagen (UK). Ross 308 Broiler. Nutrition specification. Scotland: 2007.
Bedford MR, Classen HL. Reduction of intestinal viscosity through manipulation of dietary rye and pentosanase concentration is effected through changes in the carbohydrate composition of the intestinal aqueous phase and results in improved growth rate and food conversion efficiency of broiler chicks. J Nutr 1992; 122: 560-569.
Bedford MR. Mechanism of action and potential environmental benefits from the use of feed enzymes. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1995; 53:145-155.
Bedford M, Partridge G. Enzymes in farm animal nutrition. Bodmin (UK): CABI International; 2010.
Barham D, Trinder P. An improved color reagent for the determination of blood glucose by the oxidase system. Analyst 1972; 97(151):142-145.
Bessey OA, Lowry OH, Brock MJ. A method for the rapid determination of alkaline phosphatase with five cubic millimeters of serum. J Biol Chem 1946; 164: 321-329.
Chandra Shekhar K, Satyam S, Varsha PV. NSP enzymes and their uses. Poult Fish Wildl Sci 2014; 2:R1001.
Choct M, Kocher A, Waters DLE, Pettersson D, Ross G. A comparison of three xylanases on the nutritive value of two wheats for broiler chickens. Brit J Nutr 2004; 92:53-61.
Choct M. Enzymes for the feed industry: Past, present and future. World’s Poultry Sci J 2006; 62:5-15.
Choct M, Dersjant-Li Y, McLeish J, Peisker M. Soy oligosaccharides and soluble non-starch polysaccharides: A review of digestion, nutritive and anti-nutritive effects in pigs and poultry. Asian-Aust J Anim Sci 2010; 23(10):1386-1398.
del Alamo AG, Verstegen MW, Den Hartog LA, de Ayala PP, Villamide MJ. Wheat starch digestion rate affects broiler performance. Poultry Sci 2009; 88:1666-1675.
Doumas BT, Watson WA, Biggs HG. Albumin standards and the measurement of serum albumin with bromcresol green. Clin Chim Acta 1971; 31:87-96.
Fossati P, Prencipe L. Serum triglycerides determined colorimetrically with an enzyme that produces hydrogen-peroxide. Clin Chem 1982; 28: 2077-2080.
Friesen OD, Guenter W, Marquardt RR, Rotter BA. The effect of enzyme supplementation on the apparent metabolizable energy and nutrient digestibilities of wheat, barley, oats, and rye for the young broiler chick. Poultry Sci 1992; 71:1710-1721.
Gornall AG, Bardawill CJ, David MM. Determination of serum proteins by means of the biuret reaction. J Biol Chem 1949; 177(2):751-766.
Kayamori Y, Katayama Y, Matsuyama T, Urata T. Enzymatic method for assaying uric acid in serum with a new tetrazolium salt produces water-soluble formazan dye. Clin Biochem 1997; 30:595-599.
Knudsen K. Fiber and nonstarch polysaccharide content and variation in common crops used in broiler diets. Poult Sci 2014; 93(9):2380-2393.
Kocher A, Hower JM, Moran CA. A dual-enzyme product containing protease in broiler diet: Efficacy and tolerance. J Appl Ani Nut 2015; 3.
Kumar V, Sinha AK, Makkar HPS, de Boeck G, Becker K. Dietary roles of non-starch polysachharides in human nutrition: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2012; 52:899-935.
Lázaro R, García M, Araníbar MJ, Mateos GG. Effect of enzyme addition to wheat-, barley- and rye-based diets on nutrient digestibility and performance of laying hens. Brit Poultry Sci 2003; 44:256-265.
Mathlouthi N, Allet SM, Aulnier LS, Quemener BQ, Larbier M. Effects of xylanase and -glucanase addition on performance, nutrient digestibility, and physico-chemical conditions in the small intestine contents and caecal microflora of broiler chickens fed a wheat and barley-based diet. Animal Res 2002; 51:395-406.
Mathlouthi N, Juin H, Larbier M. Effect of xylanase and β-glucanase supplementation of wheat- or wheat/barley-based diets on the performance of male turkeys. Brit Poultry Sci 2003a; 44:291-298.
Mathlouthi N, Mohamed MA, Larbier M. Effect of enzyme preparation containing xylanase and ß-glucanase on performance of laying hens fed wheat/barley- or corn/soybean meal-based diets. Brit Poultry Sci 2003b; 44:60-66.
Mollah Y, Bryden WL, Wallis IR, Balnave D, Annison EF. Sudies on low metabolisable energy wheats for poultry using conventional and rapid assay procedures and the effects of processing. Brit Poultry Sci 1983; 24:81-89.
Oluyinka AO, Aaron JC, Olayiwola A. Energy utilization and growth performance of broilers receiving diets supplemented with enzymes containing carbohydrase or phytase activity individually or in combination. Brit J Nutr 2008; 99:682-690.
Ravindran V. Poultry feed availability and nutrition in developing countries. In: FAO editor. Poul Dev Review 2013a:60-63.
Ravindran V. Feed enzymes: The science, practice, and metabolic realities. J Appl Poult Res 2013b; 22(3):628-636.
Rodriguez MA, Remolé A, Velasco S, Ortiz LT, Trevino J, Alzueta C. Wheat/barley-based diets with or without additives influence broiler chicken performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal microflora. J Sci Food Agri 2012; 92:184-190.
Rosen GD. Microbial Phytase in broiler nutrition. 1st ed. Nottingham: Nottingham University Press; 2002.
Saulnier L, Peneau N, Thibault JF. Variability in grain extract viscosity and water-soluble arabinoxylan content in wheat. J Cereal Sci 1995; 22:259-264.
Shakouri MD, Iji PA, Mikkelsen LL, Cowieson AJ. Intestinal function and gut microflora of broiler chickens as influenced by cereal grains and microbial enzyme supplementation. J Anim Physiol An N 2009; 93:647-658.
Smits CHM, Annison G. Non-starch plant polysaccharides in broiler nutrition towards a physiologically valid approach to their determination. World Poultry Sci J 1996; 52:203-221.
van der Klis JD, van Voorst A, van Cruyningen C. Effect of a soluble polysaccharide (carboxy methyl cellulose) on the physico-chemical conditions in the gastrointestinal tract of broilers. Brit Poultry Sci 1993; 34:971-983.
Wang L, Newman RK, Newman CW, Hofer PJ. Barley beta-glucans alter intestinal viscosity and reduce plasma cholesterol concentrations in chicks. J Nutr 1992; 122:2292-2297.
Weurding RE, Veldman A, Veen WA, van der Aar PJ, Verstegen MW. Starch digestion rate in the small intestine of broiler chickens differs among feedstuffs. J Nutr 2001; 131:2329-2335.
Weurding RE, Enting H, Verstegen MWA. The relation between starch digestion rate and amino acid level for broiler chickens. Poultry Sci 2003: 82:279-284.
Yutste P, Longstaff MA, McNab JM, McCorquodale C. The digestibility of semipurified starches from wheat, cassava, pea, bean and potato by adult cockerels and young chicks. Anim. Feed Sci Technol 1991; 35:289-300.
Zanella I, Sakomura NK, Silversides FG, Fiqueirdo A, Pack M. Effect of enzyme supplementation of broiler diets based on corn and soybeans. Poultry Sci 1999; 78:561-568.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2017 Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Los autores permiten a RCCP reimprimir el material publicado en él.
La revista permite que los autores tengan los derechos de autor sin restricciones, y permitirá que los autores conserven los derechos de publicación sin restricciones.
