Diversidad y estructura poblacional de las razas bovinas Criollo Lechero Tropical y Romosinuano en México
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v37n3a2Palabras clave:
bovinos, Criollo Lechero Tropical, diversidad genética, endogamia, estructura de la población, marcadores de ADN, Romosinuano, tamaño efectivo de la poblaciónResumen
Antecedentes: La evaluación de la diversidad genética, de la estructura de la población y de las relaciones dentro y entre razas utilizando marcadores de ADN es esencial para el desarrollo de programas de conservación y mejora genética. Objetivo: Evaluar la diversidad genética y la estructura poblacional de las razas bovinas Criollo Lechero Tropical (CLT) y Romosinuano (ROMO) de México y compararlas con otras razas criollas y españolas. Métodos: El estudio incluyó genotipos CLT y ROMO de la matriz Axiom©BovMDv3 de 65k. Los datos genómicos de razas criollas y españolas fueron obtenidos de un repositorio. La diversidad genética entre razas se evaluó mediante el FST de Wright para pares de razas, componentes principales, y análisis de estructura. Resultados: La heterocigosidad observada y esperada, el coeficiente de endogamia y el tamaño efectivo de la población (Ne) fueron 0,31, 0,30, -0,018 y 56 en CLT, y 0,32, 0,31, -0,023 y 99 en ROMO, respectivamente. El FST de Wright indicó que ambas razas están relacionadas con el criollo americano y algunos bovinos españoles. El ganado ROMO muestra una ascendencia española más significativa que el CLT. Conclusiones: El estudio presenta evidencia novedosa que indica que aunque el Ne de estas razas es pequeño, todavía son diversas y pueden ser utilizadas como reservorios genéticos en programas de conservación.
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