Exploring bovine three-dimensional chondrocyte culture models in osteoarthritis research: A systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.357017Palabras clave:
cartílago, cultivo celular, cultivo de tejido, hidrogel, obtención de tejido, osteoartritis, riesgo de sesgo, tejidos musculoesqueléticosResumen
Antecedentes: El uso de diferentes especies animales para el cultivo de condrocitos se ha empleado para investigar las enfermedades que afectan al cartílago, incluida la osteoartritis. El cartílago bovino y los condrocitos se pueden utilizar para establecer cultivos celulares tridimensionales, que ofrecen un modelo in vitro más fiable en comparación con los cultivos monocapa convencionales. Sin embargo, los condrocitos bovinos en cultivos tridimensionales no se han implementado ampliamente, perdiendo una fuente potencial de tejido proveniente de mamíferos, que podrían ser útiles para estudios preclínicos sobre la osteoartritis. Objetivo: El objetivo del presente artículo fue realizar una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura científica existente que emplea cultivos tridimensionales de cartílago bovino para investigar la osteoartritis. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática utilizando las bases de datos electrónicas PubMed y Scopus, para identificar estudios clínicos utilizando cultivo celular 3D para la artrosis. Los términos de búsqueda incluyeron: ´3D culture’, ‘3D cell culture’, ‘bovine cartilage’ y ‘chondrocyte’. Se recolectaron un total de 59 artículos y, tras la selección, se incluyeron 12 artículos en el análisis final. La evaluación del riesgo de sesgo se llevó a cabo categorizando cada uno de los estudios como riesgo de sesgo "bajo", "medio" o "alto". Resultados: Se encontró que en los artículos incluidos en esta revisión existía una alta variabilidad en los sitios de aislamiento que incluyen las articulaciones del carpo, del metacarpo y de la rodilla, así como una alta variación en los métodos de cultivo, utilizando pasajes celulares que van desde el pasaje cero hasta el pasaje nueve. Además, se detectó un riesgo medio y alto de sesgo en todos los artículos, probablemente debido a las dificultades en la aleatorización y el cegamiento de los estudios. En resumen, esta revisión examina críticamente el cultivo celular tridimensional para la investigación de trastornos del cartílago, con un énfasis particular en el cartílago bovino. Conclusiones: Los estudios futuros deben incluir métodos consistentes a lo largo de la fase in vitro del estudio, incluyendo uniformidad de los sitios de colección de muestras, así como el uso de pasajes tempranos de condrocitos para preservar el fenotipo celular. Además, la comparación de modelos traslacionales relevantes debe incluir condiciones ajustadas a la edad para evitar factores de confusión adicionales.
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