Fuerza y simetría muscular en jugadoras profesionales de la liga colombiana monitorizada con tecnología kMeter
Palabras clave:
entrenamiento inercial, dispositivo de entrenamiento, entrenamiento con volante, monitorización, fuerza excéntricaResumen
Introducción: en la última década, el trabajo de fuerza excéntrica ha tenido un apogeo desde la práctica y la evidencia científica, demostrando efectos significativos sobre la fisiología muscular con aumento de fuerza a un menor coste energético, adaptaciones morfológicas y funcionales de la fibra muscular, aumento de fuerza y potencia muscular. Adicionalmente, el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías, como los dispositivos inerciales, han permitido la innovación en el entrenamiento de la fuerza, desbloqueando una nueva metodología de entrenamiento que permite realizar la variación de entrenamientos, adaptación de cargas, versatilidad del entrenamiento, monitorización y entrenamiento de gestos funcionales para el deporte de alto rendimiento. Objetivo: evaluar la fuerza y establecer el porcentaje de asimetría muscular en las extremidades inferiores mediante el sistema kMeter en jóvenes jugadoras de fútbol profesional. Metodología: se realizó un estudio descriptivo en 24 jugadoras de fútbol profesional femenino de primera división de Colombia, donde se realizó la medición de la fuerza en newton y el porcentaje de asimetría mediante el dispositivo kMeter a través de la ejecución del ejercicio Split Squat, en la máquina kBox Exxentric. Resultados: se encontró un valor medio de fuerza de pierna derecha de 431N±128N y pierna izquierda de 417N±97N, con un porcentaje de asimetría de 4%. Conclusión: la monitorización, análisis y sistematización de datos será el futuro en los procesos de entrenamiento, rehabilitación y readaptación deportiva. El sistema kMeter permite realizar una cuantificación de las variables cinéticas y cinemáticas del movimiento, generando datos para el análisis de las cualidades físicas en ejercicios específicos. Sin embargo, se deben realizar más estudios que permitan estandarizar los sistemas de medición, generar reproducibilidad y aplicabilidad de los dispositivos en distintos tipos de población deportista.
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