Comentario sobre “Los daños epistémicos de la empatía en la psicopatología fenomenológica” de Lucienne Spencer y Matthew Broome

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.ef.355491

Palabras clave:

fenomenología aplicada, psicopatología, comprensión empática, justicia epistémica, escucha virtuosa

Resumen

Se presenta un comentario crítico al artículo “Los Daños Epistémicos de la Empatía en la Psicopatología Fenomenológica” de Lucienne Spencer y Matthew Broome (2023). Los autores cometieron la “falacia de la definición ambigua o vaga” al interpretar incorrectamente las conceptualizaciones de Karl Jaspers, lo que resultó en dificultades para seguir argumentos lógicos y llegar a conclusiones razonables. Para superar esta falacia, el comentario proporciona aclaraciones conceptuales sobre la comprensión empática de Jaspers (einfühlendes Verstehen), concebida como el concepto fundamental de su proyecto para desarrollar una psicopatología de orientación fenomenológica. Este concepto fue introducido inicialmente por Jaspers en el artículo “Die phänomenologische Forschungsrichtung in der Psychopathologie” [La Dirección de Investigación Fenomenológica en Psicopatología], publicado en 1912, y ampliado en su obra maestra “Allgemeine Psychopathologie” [Psicopatología general], publicada en 1913.

|Resumen
= 932 veces | PDF (ENGLISH) (ENGLISH)
= 3 veces|

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Biografía del autor/a

Leonor Irarrázaval, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana

Institutional affiliation:

Escuela de Psicología, Vicerrectoría Académica, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile

Studies:

Master in Cognitive-Social Psychotherapy, University of Barcelona, Spain

Dr. phil. in the subject of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Germany (in cooperation with Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile/Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile)

Areas of expertise:

Clinical psychology, phenomenological psychopathology and psychotherapy

 

Lines of research:

- Interdisciplinary Studies: at the intersection of psychology, philosophy, and psychiatry, considering ethical aspects of mental health, such as vulnerability and empathy.

- Psychopathology and Psychotherapy: from a phenomenological approach to mental illness, including subjective experience, life stories, worldview, and existential meanings.

- Health Psychology, at the intersection of psychology and medicine, addressing aspects related to the medical humanities, such as the doctor/patient relationship, moral anguish, and death.

 

e-mail: l.irarrazaval@utem.cl

 

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3675-2768

Citas

Baron-Cohen, S., Leslie, A. M., & Frith, U. (1986). Mechanical, behavioral, and intentional understanding of picture stories in autistic children. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 4, pp. 113–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-835X.1986.tb01003.x

Breyer, T. (2013). Empathie und ihre Grenzen: Diskursive Vielfalt – phänomenale Einheit? In T. Breyer (Ed.), Grenzen der Empathie. Philosophie, psychologische und anthropologische Perspektiven (s. 7-36). Paderborn: Wilhelm Fink. https://doi.org/10.30965/9783846755167_003

Breyer, T. (2019). Self-affection and perspective-taking: The role of phantasmatic and imaginatory consciousness for empathy. TOPOI 39, pp. 803-809. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11245-018-9627-4

Breyer, T. (2020). Empathy, sympathy, and compassion. In T. Szanto & H. Landweer (Eds.), Routledge Handbook of Phenomenology of Emotions (pp. 427–440). London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315180786

Breyer, T. & Hussain, S. T. (2014). Empathie. In G. Jüttemann (Ed.), Entwicklungen der Menschheit: “Integrative Humanwissenschaft“ als Forschungskooperative und Metadisziplin” (s. 233–240). Lengerich: Pabst.

Fuchs, T. (2017). Ecology of the Brain: The Phenomenology and Biology of the Embodied Mind. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199646883.001.0001

Fuchs, T. (2019). Empathy, group identity, and the mechanisms of exclusion: An investigation into the limits of empathy. Topoi, 38, pp. 239-250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11245-017-9499-z

Goldman, A. (2006). Simulating Minds: The Philosophy, Psychology, and Neuroscience of Mindreading. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/0195138929.001.0001

Häfner, H. (2014). The concept of schizophrenia: From unity to diversity. Advances in Psychiatry 2014, pp. 1–39. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/929434

Husserl, E. (1952). Ideen zu einer reinen Phänomenologie und phänomenologischen Philosophie. Zweites Buch: Phänomenologische Untersuchungen zur Konstitution [Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy. Second Book: Studies in the Phenomenology of Constitution]. The Hague, the Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff.

Husserl, E. (1959). Erste Philosophie (1923/24). Zweiter Teil: Theorie der phänomenologischen Reduktion [First Philosophy. Second Part: Theory of the Phenomenological Reduction]. The Hague, the Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff.

Irarrázaval, L. (2020a). Empathy for the foreign experience: A convergent phenomenological definition. Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 40(3), 174-186. https://doi.org/10.1037/teo0000128

Irarrázaval, L. (2020b). A phenomenological paradigm for empirical research in psychiatry and psychology: Open questions. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1399. https://doi.org/10.1037/teo0000128

Irarrázaval, L. (2022). Human vulnerability: A phenomenological approach to the manifestation and treatment of mental illness. Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology, 53(4), 384-394. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071773.2022.2048958

Irarrázaval, L. & Kalawski, J. P. (2022). Phenomenological considerations on empathy and emotions in psychotherapy. Frontiers in Psychology. Section Psychopathology. Research Topic “Situating Phenomenological Psychopathology: Subjective Experience Within the World.” https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1000059

Jardine, J. (2014). Husserl and Stein on the phenomenology of empathy: perception and explication. Synthesis Philosophica, 29(2), 273-288.

Jardine, J. (2015). Stein and Honneth on Empathy and Emotional Recognition. Human Studies, 38(4), 567–589. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10746-015-9361-5

Jardine, J. (2017). Elementary recognition and empathy: A Husserlian account. Metodo. International Studies in Phenomenology and Philosophy, 5(1), 143–170. https://doi.org/10.19079/metodo.5.1.143

Jaspers, K. (1912). Die phänomenologische Forschungsrichtung in der Psychopathologie. Zeitschrift für die gesamte Neurologie und Psychiatrie, 9, 391-408. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02911781

Jaspers, K. (1913). Allgemeine Psychopathologie. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Jaspers, K. (1948). Allgemeine Psychopathologie, 5. Aufl. Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. (Originally published 1913).

Jaspers, K. (1968). The phenomenological approach in psychopathology. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 114(516), 1313–1323. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.114.516.1313. Originally published in 1912.

Jaspers, K. (1997). General Psychopathology (J. Hoenig & M.W. Hamilton, trans). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. (Originally published 1913). https://doi.org/10.56021/9780801858154

León, F., Zandersen, M., Meindl, P., and Zahavi, D. (2022). The distinction between second-person and third-person relations and its relevance for the psychiatric diagnostic interview. In M. Biondi, A. Picardi, M. Pallagrosi, & L. Fonzi (Eds.), The Clinician in the Psychiatric Diagnostic

Process (pp. 51-69). Switzerland: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90431-9_4

Ratcliffe, M. (2012). Phenomenology as a form of Empathy. Inquiry: A Journal Of Medical Care Organization, Provision, And Financing, 55(5), 473–495. https://doi.org/10.1080/0020174X.2012.716196

Ratcliffe, M. J. (2017). Empathy without simulation. In M. Summa, T. Fuchs, & L. Vanzago (Eds.), Imagination and Social Perspectives: Approaches from Phenomenology and Psychopathology (pp. 199–220). London UK: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315411538

Ritunnano, R. (2022). Overcoming hermeneutical injustice in mental health: A role for critical phenomenology. Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology, 53(3), 243-260. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071773.2022.2031234

Schnegg, M. & Breyer, T. (2022). Empathy Beyond the Human. The Social Construction of a Multispecies World. Ethnos. https://doi.org/10.1080/00141844.2022.2153153

Spencer, L. & Broome, M. (2023). The epistemic harms of empathy in phenomenological psychopathology. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11097-023-09930-1

Stanghellini, G. & Rosfort, R. (2013). Empathy as a Sense of Autonomy. Psychopathology, 46 (5): 337-344. https://doi.org/10.1159/000353273

Stein, E. (1917). On the problem of empathy, The collected works of Edith Stein, Vol. 3 (W. Stein, trans.). Washington, D.C.: ICS Publications 1989.

Zahavi, D. (2001). Beyond Empathy Phenomenological Approaches to Intersubjectivity. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 8, pp. 151–67.

Zahavi, D. (2007). Expression and Empathy. In D. Hutto & M. Ratcliffe (Eds.), Folk Psychology Re-Assessed (pp. 25–40). Dordrecht: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5558-4_2

Zahavi, D. (2010). Empathy, Embodiment and Interpersonal Understanding: From Lipps to Schutz. Inquiry, 53, pp. 285–306. https://doi.org/10.1080/00201741003784663

Zahavi, D. (2014a). Empathy and Other-Directed Intentionality. Topoi: An International Review of Philosophy, 33, pp. 129–142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11245-013-9197-4

Zahavi, D. (2014b). Self and Other: Exploring subjectivity, empathy, and shame. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199590681.001.0001

Zahavi, D. (2015). You, me and we - The sharing of emotional experiences. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 22, pp. 84–101.

Zahavi, D. (2019). Phenomenology: The Basics. London, UK: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315441603

Publicado

2024-06-21 — Actualizado el 2025-02-05

Versiones

Cómo citar

Irarrázaval, L. (2025). Comentario sobre “Los daños epistémicos de la empatía en la psicopatología fenomenológica” de Lucienne Spencer y Matthew Broome. Estudios De Filosofía, (70), 100–114. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.ef.355491 (Original work published 21 de junio de 2024)