Contributos ao debate sobre a legalização da maconha para uso medicinal na Colômbia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfnsp.v35n1a03Palavras-chave:
hábito de fumar maconha, abuso de maconha, maconha medicinal, riscoResumo
Atualmente, existe um debate intenso sobre a legalização da maconha para usos terapêuticos, visando minimizar a criminalização do consumidor. Paradoxalmente, apresar da evidência dos efeitos negativos, o consumo e a prevalência da maconha aumentam. Também surgem novas de variedades de cânabis, mais potentes e perigosas. Objetivo: analisar a informação disponível sobre a maconha descrevendo a evidência de que existe e, assim, contribuir para o actual debate sobre a legalização da substância para uso médico na Colômbia Metodologia: Revisão bibliográfica sobre os componentes na maconha, efeitos adversos e evidência de efeitos terapêuticos. Resultados: A planta de maconha tem mais de 400 compostos ativos e a toxicidade da maioria deles é desconhecida. Além disso, contém 66 canabinóides. Existe alguma evidencia científica sobre o efeito medicinal dalguns compostos, mais ainda é preciso pesquisar mais. O consumo da “erva” diferencia-se dos canabinóides sintéticos e dos derivados da planta da maconha produzidos através de pesquisa farmacêutica. Discussão: Neste momento, os componentes benéficos da maconha não podem ser separados tecnicamente dos tóxicos. Por isso, consumi-la para usos terapêuticos ou recreativo implica ingerir tanto uma coisa quanto a outra. Nos humanos, os canabinóides produzem uma síndrome que desvirtua a informação e altera funções cerebrais importantes: a memória, o temperamento, o sonho, a atenção, o humor, a coordenação, a cognição, a percepção do tempo, entre outras. Além da dependência, já se comprovaram a tolerância, a adição e a síndrome de abstinência. Conclusões: poderiam surgir importantes riscos para a saúde derivados do uso da maconha como medicamento, desconhecendo seus efeitos adversos. Não há claridade sobre o que se consume.
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